A Comparison of Phenotypic Root Characteristics in Local Eggplant Genotypes (Solanum melongena L.) Infected and Non-Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 102 - 117, 30.07.2020

Ahmet Balkaya Tolga Özgen İsmail Erper Şenay Murat Doğru

Abstract

The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable species cultivated under openfield and greenhouse
conditions in Turkey. In recent years, due to fungal disease in eggplant growing areas, yield quantity and fruit quality
problems have been encountered. One of the mos t effective precautions agains t disease is to determine the genetic materials
that are resis tant or tolerant to disease and evaluate them in the plant breeding programs. The number of breeding s tudies
for forming a s trong root sys tem in varieties of eggplants is very limited in Turkey. The mos t important criteria that affect
the performance in varieties of eggplant are the root s tructure and the ability of development under s tress conditions.
This s tudy inves tigated 66 local eggplant genotypes agains t infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Plants
inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and non-inoculated (control) plants were subjected to a separate
s tatis tical analysis. The Karabey F1 was used as the positive control variety. The root sys tem architectures parameters
(total root length, the root surface area, the root volume, and the root diameter) were determined using the WinRHIZO
program. The total root length ranged from 14.57 cm (G43-3) to 787.09 cm (G91), the root surface area ranged from
5.20 cm2 (G42) to 457.53 cm2 (G91), the root volume ranged from 0.10 cm3 (G42) to 26.22 cm3 (G128), and the root
dimeter changed 0.60 mm (G144) to 5.87 mm (G152). When all the characteris tics that cons tituted the root canopy were
evaluated together, the root traits of genotype G91 and genotype G113 were found to be s tronger and superior compared
to the other local eggplant genotypes.

Keywords

Eggplant,, Fusarium wilt,, root sys tem architecture,, resis tance,, Turkey

References

• Altınok HH (2005). First report of Fusarium wilt of egg plant caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae in Turkey. Plant Pathology, 54:4, 577.
• Balkaya A ve Yanmaz R (2001). Bitki genetik kaynaklarının muhafaza imkanları ve tohum gen bankalarının çalışma sistemleri. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 10:39, 25-30.(In Turkish).
• Bertucci MB, Suchoff DH, Jennings KM, Monks DW, Gunter CC, Schultheis JR and Louws FJ (2018). Comparison of root system morphology of cucurbit rootstocks for use in watermelon grafting. HortTechnology, 28(5): 629-636.
• Biles CL and Martyn RD (1989). Local and systemic resistance induced in watermelons by form a especiales of Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology, 79:8, 856-860.
• Çakır Z, Balkaya A, Saribas S and Kandemir D (2017). The morphological diversity and fruit characterization of Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) populations. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 3(2): 34-44.
• Çakır Z (2018). Patlıcanda (Solanum melongena L.) yerel genetik kaynakların karakterizasyonu ve seleksiyon ıslahı ile çeşit ıslah programlarında değerlendirilmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 92 s. (In Turkish).
• Çakır Z, Balkaya A, Kandemir D and Saribas S (2019). Determination of superior Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes by pedigree selection method. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 5(1): 56-67.
• Comas LH, Becker SR,Von Mark VC, Byrne PF and Dierig DA (2013). Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought. Front. Plant Sci., 4:442.
• Engels JMM, Arora RK and Guarino L (1995). An introduction to plant germplasm exploration and collecting: planning, methods and procedures, follow-up. Collecting plant genetic diversity. Technical guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 31-63.
• Kakita T, Abe A and Ikeda T (2015). Differences in root growth and permeability in the grafted © Plant Breeders Union of Turkey (BİSAB) 117 combinations of Dutch tomato cultivars (Starbuck and Maxifort) and Japanese cultivars (Reiyo, Receive and Magnet). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6: 2640.
• Kalloo G (1993). Eggplant: Solanum melongena L. Genetic improvement of vegetable crops,587-604.
• Karaağaç (2013). Karadeniz bölgesinden toplanan kestane kabağı (C. maxima Duchesne) ve bal kabağı (C. moschata Duchesne) genotiplerinin karpuza anaçlık potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 258 s. (In Turkish).
• Karaağaç O ve Balkaya A (2017). Türkiye’de yerel sebze çeşitlerinin mevcut durumu ve ıslah programlarında değerlendirilmesi. TÜRKTOB Dergisi, 23:6, 8-15. (In Turkish).
• Karaağaç O, Taş K, Özgen R, Kanal A ve Balkaya A (2020). Capsicum türlerinin kök yapılarının incelenmesi ve kök özellikleri yönünden karşılaştırılması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt 30, Sayı 2:266-279. (In Turkish).
• Kandemir D, Sarıbaş HŞ ve Balkaya A (2016). Aşılı patlıcan üretiminde kullanılan anaçların verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Tarım Gündem Dergisi, 6(33): 24-28. (In Turkish).
• Koevoets IT, Venema JH, Elzenga JT and Testerink C (2016). Roots with standing their environment: exploiting root system architecture responses to abiotic stress to improve crop tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 1335: 1-19.
• Lovelli S, Perniola M, Di Tommaso T, Bochicchio R and Amato M (2012). Specific root length and diameter of hydroponically-grown tomato plants under salinity. J. Agronomy, 11:101-106.
• Miller AS, Rowe CR and Riedel MR (1996). Fusarium and Verticillium wilts of tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant. The Ohio State University Extension Plant Pathology, Hgy-3122- 96. 2021 Cofey Road. Columbus, oh 432101087.
• Oztekin GB, Giuffrida F, Tuzel Y and Leonardi C (2009). Is the vigour of grafted tomato plants related to root characteristics? J. Food Agr. Environ. 7:364-368.
• Paez-Garcia A, Motes C, Scheible WR, Chen R, Blancaflor E and Monteros M (2015). Root traits and phenotyping strategies for plant improvement. Plants, 4:2, 334-355.
• Pereira-Dias L, Lopez-Serrano L, Castell-Zeising V, Lopez-Galarza S, San Bautista A, Calatayud Á and Fita A (2018). Different root morphological responses to phosphorus supplies in grafted pepper. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 75, 1: 59-61.
• Rızza F, Mennela G, Collonıer C, Sıhachakr D, Kashyap V, Rajam MV, Prestera M and Rotıno LG (2002). Androgenic dihaploids from somatic hybrids between Solanum melongena and Solanum aethiopicum group gilo as a source of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Genetic Transformation and Hybridization. Plant Cell Reports, 20: 1022- 1032.
• Sarıbaş Ş (2019). Aşılı patlıcan üretiminde genetik kaynakların anaç ıslah programlarında değerlendirilmesi ve yerli hibrit anaçlarının geliştirilmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Samsun. (In Turkish).
• Sarıbaş Ş, Balkaya A, Kandemir D and Karaağaç O (2019). Yerli patlıcan anaçlarının (Solanum melongena x Solanum aethiopicum) köklenme potansiyeli ve fenotipik kök mimarisi. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 2:3,137-145. (In Turkish).