Variety Development of Wheat in Turkey and the Impact of Regulations

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 16, 30.01.2022

Mesut Keser

Abstract

The main aims of this s tudy were to compile the his torical wheat variety lis t released in wheat breeding in Turkey, to compare
the wheat variety release with some selected countries and evaluate the impact of regulations on wheat research and variety
development. Wheat breeding s tarted in 1925 soon after the foundation of Republic of Turkey. Firs t variety was released
in 1928, and 617 wheat varieties were released since then. National Variety Lis t (NVL) was published every year, however
only 484 of total released varieties are currently in the NVL. 485 varieties are of bread wheat and 128 of them are durum
wheat, 2 two are of Tr. monococcum, 1 is of Tr. turgidum and 1 is of Tr. spelta. As Turkey has diverse growing conditions,
spring, winter and facultative bread and durum wheat varieties are grown, and varieties are released for these conditions.
316, 191 and 110 varieties of winter, spring and facultative wheat have been released, respectively. The comparisons were
made for variety release among Turkey, Iran, Hungary and the UK. The highes t number of varieties released per ha was in
UK followed by Hungary, Turkey, Iran in 5-year-period. New regulations s timulated releasing greater number of varieties
and involvement of private sector in breeding. Surveys are made to find out the varieties planted in the farmers’ field and
their adoption rates. New molecular technologies, such as fingerprinting can be used to increase accuracy of the variety
identification and adoption rate of any variety in such surveys.

Keywords

wheat, breeding, variety, National Variety List

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