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Mekânsal Ekonometri Tabanlı Karma Sıralama Önerisi: Avrupa Ekonomik Özgürlükler Örneği

Year 2022, , 205 - 233, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1024567

Abstract

Veri Sıralama ve Endeks çalışmaları, verilerin anlaşılmasını, analiz edilmesini veya görselleştirilmesini kolaylaştırmak için anlamlı bir düzende düzenlenmesini içeren herhangi bir işlemdir. Araştırma verileriyle çalışırken sıralama, verilerin anlatıldığı öykünün anlaşılmasını kolaylaştıran bir biçimde verileri görselleştirmek için kullanılan yaygın bir yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ekonomik Özgürlükler gibi farklı yargı alanlarındaki politik-ekonomik kurumların kalitesinin birleşik bir ölçü sıralaması için Mekânsal Ekonometri, Bulanık Kümeleme Analizi ve Çok Kriterli Karar Verme konularını içeren hibrit bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem Heritage Vakfı Ekonomik Özgürlük verileri üzerinde hesaplanmış ve 2019, 2020 ve 2021 yılları için karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile orijinal sonuçlar arasında %92’lik korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin benzersosyo-ekonomik sıralama ve endeks çalışmalarında başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.

References

  • Anselin L. & Bera A.K. (1998). Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Introduction to Spatial Econometrics (Chapter: 7). Statistics Textbooks and Monographs, pp. 237-290. Marcel Dekker: New York. a 350 Gambrell Hall Columbia, SC 29208.
  • Anselin L. & Hudak S. (1992). Spatial Econometrics in Practice: A Review of Software Options. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Volume 22, Issue3, p. 509-536.
  • Anselin, L. (1998). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic, Publisher. p. 17-21.
  • Anselin, L. (2001). Spatial Econometrics: Companion to Theoretical Econometrics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  • Anselin, L. (2003). An Introduction to Spatial Regression Analysis in R. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
  • Badri, A.K. & Sheshgelani A.P. (2017). Economic Freedom and FDI in Selected Developing Countries. Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Vol. 2 (5), p. 82-87.
  • Balazs, B., Janos A. & Balazs F., 2005. Fuzzy Clustering and Data Analysis Toolbox For Use with Matlab. Veszprem, Hungary.
  • Bezdek, J.C., 1974. Cluster validity with fuzzy sets. J. Cybern. 3, 58-73.
  • Carlsson, F. & Lundström, S. (2002) Economic Freedom and Growth: Decomposing the Effects, Public Choice, 112, pp. 335-344.
  • Darmofal, D. (2006). Spatial Econometrics and Political Science. In: Annual Meeting of Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA, p. 6.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2014). Linear Spatial Dependence Models for Cross-Section Data. Spatial Econometrics from Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), p.5-37.
  • Er, F. & Yıldız, E. (2018). Türkiye Girişimci ve Yenilikçi Üniversite Endeksi 2016 ve 2017 Sonuçlarının ORESTE ve Faktör Analizi ile İncelenmesi. Alphanumeric Journal, vol.6-2, 293-310.
  • Erilli, N.A., Yolcu, U., Egrioglu, E., Aladag, C.H., & Oner, Y. (2011). Determining the Most Proper Number of Cluster in Fuzzy Clustering by Artificial Neural Networks. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 2248-2252.
  • Erilli, N.A. (2014). TR72 bölgesi ilçelerinin sosyo-ekonomik verilere göre bulanık kümeleme analizi ile sınıflandırılması, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt. 10, Sayı: 2, 33-45.
  • Feulner, E.J. (2010). 2010 Index of Economic Freedom, (Preface. Miller, T. ve Holmes, K. R. (Eds.)) Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Gumprecht, D. (2007). Spatial Method in Econometrics. Unpublished PhD thesis, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, p. 6-15.
  • Güneş M. & İncekırık A. (2016). Ege bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren KOSGEB kapsamındaki farklı ölçeklerdeki şirketlerin (KOBİ) bulanık kümeleme analizi ile gruplandırılması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 314-323.
  • Gwartney J. & Lawson R. (2003). The Concept and Measurement of Economic Freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 19, 405-430.
  • Gwartney, J.G., Lawson, R.A. & Holcombe R.G. (1999) Economic Freedom and the Environment for Economic Growth, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, vol.155, No. 4, pp. 643-663
  • Höppner, F., Klawonn, F., Rudolf, K., & Runkler, T. (1999). Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Methods for Classification Data Analysis and Image Recognition. John Wiley & Sons, 5-75.
  • İncekırık A., İşçi Güneri Ö. & Durmuş B. (2021). Classification of Cancer Types by Cluster Analysis Methods. Alphanumeric journal, Volume 9, Issue 1, p. 125-142.
  • Ayçin, E. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler. 2. Baskı, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Kirilchuk I., Rykunova V. & Panskov V. (2018). Features of calculation and analysis of ekology-ekonomic index of the region on the example of kursk region. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.
  • Lerman, R.I. & Yitzhaki, S. (1984). A note on the calculation and interpretation of the Gini index. Economics Letters, Volume 15, Issues 3–4, 363-368.
  • Lesage, J.P. (1999). The Theory and Practice of Spatial Econometrics. University of Toledo, Ohio, p. 2-11.
  • Mansoori, E.G. (2011). FRBC: A Fuzzy Rule-Based Clustering Algorithm. IEEE Transactıons on Fuzzy Systems, 19(5), 960-971.
  • Miller, T., Kim A. B. & Roberts, J.M. (2019). 2019 Index of Economic Freedom, Washington: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Ord, J.K. (1975). Estimation Methods for Models of Spatial Interaction, Journal of the American Statistical Association, p. 70-126.
  • Sonora, R. J. (2008). On the Impacts of Economic Freedom on International Trade Flows: Asymmetries and Freedom Components. University of Zagreb Faculty of Economics and Business Working Paper Series, 08-05.
  • Sucu, M.B. (2017). Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Ekonomik Özgürlük, Büyüme ve Kalkınma İlişkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis. Vol 2.2, Sayfa: 135-167.
  • Tatlıdil, H. (2002). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Akademi Matbaası, Ankara.
  • The Heritage Foundation (2019). Highlights of 2019 Index of Economic Freedom Report. (Erişim Tarihi: Mart, 2021). https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2019/book/index_2019
  • Tunçsiper B. & Biçen Ö. F. (2015). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, SESSION 7E: Kalkınma II, 884-890.
  • Uysal, D. (2004). Türkiye’de Piyasa Ekonomisi ve Ekonomik Özgürlükler. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Vega S.H. & Elhorst J. P. (2013). On Spatial Econometric Models, Spillover Effects, and W. 53rd ERSA Congress, Palermo, Italy, p. 24.
  • Viton, P.A. (2010). Notes on Spatial Econometric Models. City and Regional Planning. p. 5
  • Vu, H.T. (2010). The Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: The Transistion Process in Vietnam and China. Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 257.
  • Zavadskas, E. & Kaklauskas, A. (1996). Pastatų sistemotechninis įvertinimas [eng. Systemic-technical assessment of buildings]. Vilnius: Technika.

Hybrid Ranking Proposal Based on Spatial Econometrics: An Example of European Economic Freedoms

Year 2022, , 205 - 233, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1024567

Abstract

Data sorting and index research are any processesthatinclude arranging data in a meaningful orderto aid comprehension, analysis, or visualization. When working with research data, sorting is a frequent strategy for displaying data in a way that makesthe story that the data tells more understandable. In thisresearch, a hybrid method involving spatial econometrics, fuzzy clustering analysis, and multicriteria decision making was proposed for a unified measure ranking of the quality of political–economic institutions in different jurisdictions such as economic freedoms. The suggested technique was calculated and compared using the Heritage Foundation economic freedom statistics for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. Between the derived findings and original results, a correlation coefficient of 92% was computed. The proposed strategy is effective in comparable socioeconomic ranking and index research.

References

  • Anselin L. & Bera A.K. (1998). Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Introduction to Spatial Econometrics (Chapter: 7). Statistics Textbooks and Monographs, pp. 237-290. Marcel Dekker: New York. a 350 Gambrell Hall Columbia, SC 29208.
  • Anselin L. & Hudak S. (1992). Spatial Econometrics in Practice: A Review of Software Options. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Volume 22, Issue3, p. 509-536.
  • Anselin, L. (1998). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic, Publisher. p. 17-21.
  • Anselin, L. (2001). Spatial Econometrics: Companion to Theoretical Econometrics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  • Anselin, L. (2003). An Introduction to Spatial Regression Analysis in R. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
  • Badri, A.K. & Sheshgelani A.P. (2017). Economic Freedom and FDI in Selected Developing Countries. Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Vol. 2 (5), p. 82-87.
  • Balazs, B., Janos A. & Balazs F., 2005. Fuzzy Clustering and Data Analysis Toolbox For Use with Matlab. Veszprem, Hungary.
  • Bezdek, J.C., 1974. Cluster validity with fuzzy sets. J. Cybern. 3, 58-73.
  • Carlsson, F. & Lundström, S. (2002) Economic Freedom and Growth: Decomposing the Effects, Public Choice, 112, pp. 335-344.
  • Darmofal, D. (2006). Spatial Econometrics and Political Science. In: Annual Meeting of Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA, p. 6.
  • Elhorst, J.P. (2014). Linear Spatial Dependence Models for Cross-Section Data. Spatial Econometrics from Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), p.5-37.
  • Er, F. & Yıldız, E. (2018). Türkiye Girişimci ve Yenilikçi Üniversite Endeksi 2016 ve 2017 Sonuçlarının ORESTE ve Faktör Analizi ile İncelenmesi. Alphanumeric Journal, vol.6-2, 293-310.
  • Erilli, N.A., Yolcu, U., Egrioglu, E., Aladag, C.H., & Oner, Y. (2011). Determining the Most Proper Number of Cluster in Fuzzy Clustering by Artificial Neural Networks. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 2248-2252.
  • Erilli, N.A. (2014). TR72 bölgesi ilçelerinin sosyo-ekonomik verilere göre bulanık kümeleme analizi ile sınıflandırılması, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt. 10, Sayı: 2, 33-45.
  • Feulner, E.J. (2010). 2010 Index of Economic Freedom, (Preface. Miller, T. ve Holmes, K. R. (Eds.)) Washington D.C: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Gumprecht, D. (2007). Spatial Method in Econometrics. Unpublished PhD thesis, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, p. 6-15.
  • Güneş M. & İncekırık A. (2016). Ege bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren KOSGEB kapsamındaki farklı ölçeklerdeki şirketlerin (KOBİ) bulanık kümeleme analizi ile gruplandırılması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 314-323.
  • Gwartney J. & Lawson R. (2003). The Concept and Measurement of Economic Freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 19, 405-430.
  • Gwartney, J.G., Lawson, R.A. & Holcombe R.G. (1999) Economic Freedom and the Environment for Economic Growth, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, vol.155, No. 4, pp. 643-663
  • Höppner, F., Klawonn, F., Rudolf, K., & Runkler, T. (1999). Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Methods for Classification Data Analysis and Image Recognition. John Wiley & Sons, 5-75.
  • İncekırık A., İşçi Güneri Ö. & Durmuş B. (2021). Classification of Cancer Types by Cluster Analysis Methods. Alphanumeric journal, Volume 9, Issue 1, p. 125-142.
  • Ayçin, E. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler. 2. Baskı, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Kirilchuk I., Rykunova V. & Panskov V. (2018). Features of calculation and analysis of ekology-ekonomic index of the region on the example of kursk region. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.
  • Lerman, R.I. & Yitzhaki, S. (1984). A note on the calculation and interpretation of the Gini index. Economics Letters, Volume 15, Issues 3–4, 363-368.
  • Lesage, J.P. (1999). The Theory and Practice of Spatial Econometrics. University of Toledo, Ohio, p. 2-11.
  • Mansoori, E.G. (2011). FRBC: A Fuzzy Rule-Based Clustering Algorithm. IEEE Transactıons on Fuzzy Systems, 19(5), 960-971.
  • Miller, T., Kim A. B. & Roberts, J.M. (2019). 2019 Index of Economic Freedom, Washington: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Ord, J.K. (1975). Estimation Methods for Models of Spatial Interaction, Journal of the American Statistical Association, p. 70-126.
  • Sonora, R. J. (2008). On the Impacts of Economic Freedom on International Trade Flows: Asymmetries and Freedom Components. University of Zagreb Faculty of Economics and Business Working Paper Series, 08-05.
  • Sucu, M.B. (2017). Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Ekonomik Özgürlük, Büyüme ve Kalkınma İlişkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis. Vol 2.2, Sayfa: 135-167.
  • Tatlıdil, H. (2002). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Akademi Matbaası, Ankara.
  • The Heritage Foundation (2019). Highlights of 2019 Index of Economic Freedom Report. (Erişim Tarihi: Mart, 2021). https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2019/book/index_2019
  • Tunçsiper B. & Biçen Ö. F. (2015). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, SESSION 7E: Kalkınma II, 884-890.
  • Uysal, D. (2004). Türkiye’de Piyasa Ekonomisi ve Ekonomik Özgürlükler. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Vega S.H. & Elhorst J. P. (2013). On Spatial Econometric Models, Spillover Effects, and W. 53rd ERSA Congress, Palermo, Italy, p. 24.
  • Viton, P.A. (2010). Notes on Spatial Econometric Models. City and Regional Planning. p. 5
  • Vu, H.T. (2010). The Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: The Transistion Process in Vietnam and China. Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 257.
  • Zavadskas, E. & Kaklauskas, A. (1996). Pastatų sistemotechninis įvertinimas [eng. Systemic-technical assessment of buildings]. Vilnius: Technika.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serkan Cahit Dinç 0000-0001-9547-0491

Necati Alp Erilli 0000-0001-6948-0880

Publication Date June 29, 2022
Submission Date November 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Dinç, S. C., & Erilli, N. A. (2022). Mekânsal Ekonometri Tabanlı Karma Sıralama Önerisi: Avrupa Ekonomik Özgürlükler Örneği. EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics(36), 205-233. https://doi.org/10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1024567