A new pathway to sustainability: Integrating economic dimension (ECON) into ESG factors as (ECON-ESG) and aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 34 - 39, 19.05.2024
The concept of traditional ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) factors is a sine qua non for sustainability and constitutes the cornerstones of a sustainable economy. However, although the inevitable impacts of economic activities on sustainability, it lacks the economic dimension (denotes ECON). Therefore, this study proposes to complete this missing leg, integrate economics into ESG, and obtain and introduce ECON-ESG as a composite sustainability concept. While ESG represents firm and microeconomics-based sustainability based only on environmental, social, and governance factors, ECON-ESG also incorporates the economy and represents sustainability, including macroeconomics affecting the firm's performance. Additionally, the linkage between ECON-ESG and SDGs will provide scholars with a composite form variable for use in sustainability models.
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Capelle-Blancard, G., Crifo, P., Diaye, M.A., Oueghlissi, R., & Scholtens, B. (2019). Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 98, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.11.011.
Chatterji, A.K., Levine, D.I., & Toffel, M.W. (2009). How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 18(1), 125–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2009.00210.x.
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Gonenc, H., & Scholtens, B. (2017). Environmental and Financial Performance of Fossil Fuel Firms: A Closer Inspection of their Interaction. Ecological Economics, 132, 307–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.10.004.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., Islam, H., Jabeen, G., & Pinzon, S. (2024a). Is economic growth in East Asia pacific and South Asia ESG factors based and aligned growth? Sustainable Development, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2910.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., Islam, H., & Pinzon, S., & Jabeen, G. (2024b). Navigating Sustainability: Unveiling the Interconnected Dynamics of ESGs and SDGs in BRICS-11. Sustainable Development, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2977.
Jain, S., & Singhal, C. (2023). Macroeconomic Variables Affecting Long-Term Growth of An Economy: A Survey of Economic Experts. European Economic Letters, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v13i3.199.
Landefeld, J.S., Seskin, E.P., & Fraumeni, B.M. (2008). Taking the Pulse of the Economy: Measuring GDP. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 193–216. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.193.
Kaiser, H.F., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400115.
Kosarev, A., & Ponomarenko, A. (1996). Gross Domestic Product The Key Indicator of the Economy. Problems of Economic Transition, 39(6), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991390655.
Ng, S.T., Cheung, S.O., Martin Skitmore, R., Lam, K. C., & Wong, L.Y. (2000). Prediction of tender price index directional changes. Construction Management and Economics, 18(7), 843–852.
https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900433122.
Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S., & Ullman, J.B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: pearson.
Zarnowitz, V., & Braun, P. (1989). New Indexes of Coincident and Leading Economic Indicators: Comment. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 4, 397. https://doi.org/10.2307/3584987.
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 34 - 39, 19.05.2024
Cain, G.G. (1979). The unemployment rate as an economic indicator. Monthly Labor Review, 102(3), 24–35. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41841567.
Capelle-Blancard, G., Crifo, P., Diaye, M.A., Oueghlissi, R., & Scholtens, B. (2019). Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 98, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.11.011.
Chatterji, A.K., Levine, D.I., & Toffel, M.W. (2009). How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 18(1), 125–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2009.00210.x.
Diaye, M.A., Ho, S.H., & Oueghlissi, R. (2021). ESG performance and economic growth: a panel co-integration analysis. Empirica, 49(1), 99–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-021-09508-7.
Garg, K., & Kalra, R. (2018). Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Indian Stock Market. Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 14(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.23862/kiit-parikalpana/2018/v14/i1/173248.
Garrison, C.B., & Lee, F.Y. (1995). The effect of macroeconomic variables on economic growth rates: A cross-country study. Journal of Macroeconomics, 17(2), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-0704(95)80103-0.
Gonenc, H., & Scholtens, B. (2017). Environmental and Financial Performance of Fossil Fuel Firms: A Closer Inspection of their Interaction. Ecological Economics, 132, 307–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.10.004.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., Islam, H., Jabeen, G., & Pinzon, S. (2024a). Is economic growth in East Asia pacific and South Asia ESG factors based and aligned growth? Sustainable Development, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2910.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., Islam, H., & Pinzon, S., & Jabeen, G. (2024b). Navigating Sustainability: Unveiling the Interconnected Dynamics of ESGs and SDGs in BRICS-11. Sustainable Development, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2977.
Jain, S., & Singhal, C. (2023). Macroeconomic Variables Affecting Long-Term Growth of An Economy: A Survey of Economic Experts. European Economic Letters, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v13i3.199.
Landefeld, J.S., Seskin, E.P., & Fraumeni, B.M. (2008). Taking the Pulse of the Economy: Measuring GDP. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 193–216. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.193.
Kaiser, H.F., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400115.
Kosarev, A., & Ponomarenko, A. (1996). Gross Domestic Product The Key Indicator of the Economy. Problems of Economic Transition, 39(6), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991390655.
Ng, S.T., Cheung, S.O., Martin Skitmore, R., Lam, K. C., & Wong, L.Y. (2000). Prediction of tender price index directional changes. Construction Management and Economics, 18(7), 843–852.
https://doi.org/10.1080/014461900433122.
Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S., & Ullman, J.B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: pearson.
Zarnowitz, V., & Braun, P. (1989). New Indexes of Coincident and Leading Economic Indicators: Comment. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 4, 397. https://doi.org/10.2307/3584987.
Işık, C., Ongan, S., & Islam, H. (2024). A new pathway to sustainability: Integrating economic dimension (ECON) into ESG factors as (ECON-ESG) and aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Journal of Ekonomi, 6(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1450860