İktisat-Fizik İlişkisine Tarihsel Bakış

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 25 - 60, 01.05.2015

Hale Kırer Ercan Eren

Abstract

Değişen ve giderek karmaşık hale gelen dünyada yüzyıllar içerisinde bilimin köklü değişimlere uğradığını söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle fizikteki gelişim ve yeniliklerin tüm bilimleri etkilediği ve yeni dönemler açtığı iddia edilebilir. İktisat bilimi fiziğin yüksek derecede etki yarattığı bilim dallarının basında gelmektedir. Klasik iktisadın deterministtik dünya görüsünün hakim olduğu Newton fiziği üzerine inşa edildiği söylenebilir. Yirminci yüzyılda fizikteki determinist dünya görüsünün terk edilip, fiziğin köklü değişimlere uğraması, iktisat bilimi üzerinde de önemli değişimlere neden olmuştur. Yaşanılan karmaşık dünyada geleneksel iktisat kuramlarının belirli olguları anlamada yetersiz kalması ve istatistiksel fizik tekniklerinin doğrusal olmayan dinamiklerle bir araya gelerek bu karmaşık yapıyı açıklamadaki gücü, özellikle 1990’ların basında fizikçilerin, son yıllarda ise iktisatçıların ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmalar daha önceleri sadece fizik dergilerinde, son zamanlarda ise iktisat dergilerinde de yer buluyor olması bunun en önemli göstergesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iktisadın doğusu ile başlayan iktisat – fizik ilişkisini incelemek ve fizik biliminin geçirdiği evrimin iktisat bilimini ne derecede etkileyerek değiştirdiğini göstermektir.

Keywords

İktisat-Fizik İlişkisi, ekonofizik, karmasıklık bilimi

Historical Perspective on the Relationship Between Economics and Physics

Abstract

As the world has evolved and become ever more complex in the process, science has played a central role in that evolution, itself undergoing dramatic changes. Within science, the field of physics has led the way forward to revolutionary approaches that have spread to other disciplines—including economics. Indeed, economics was among the first to feel the influence of the ferment in physics. Arguably, classical economics was built upon Newtonian physics and was long dominated by its idea of determinism. In the 20th century, however, the attachment to determinism was abandoned by physicists, and the upshot of this was radical changes later worked their way through economics. In the early 1990s, physicists, and to a lesser extent economists, began directing their attention to the relationship between their two fields of study. Propelling these two professions toward each other were three factors: mainstream economists’ lack of a thorough understanding of real-world phenomena; the
advent of statistical physics; and the coming to the fore of techniques based on non-linear dynamics. Against this background, this study aims to analyze this relationship between economics and physics and to outline how the evolution in physics has affected economics.

Keywords

Economics-Physics relationship, econophysics, complexity.

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