İklim Değişikliği Nedeniyle Aşırı Yağışlardan Kaynaklanan Sellere Karşı Türkiye Kentlerinin Kırılganlık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Year 2022,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 34 - 45, 02.04.2022
Mediha Burcu Sılaydın Aydın
,
Emine Duygu Kahraman
Abstract
İklim değişikliği, beraberinde ekolojik, biyolojik ve toplumsal sistemleri zarar uğratan pek çok felakete yol açan küresel bir sorundur. Aşırı yağışlar, iklim değişikliğine bağlı ortaya çıkan önemli tehditlerden biridir. Aşırı yağışlar can ve mal kaybıyla sonuçlanabilen sel felaketlerine yol açarak kentleri ve kentlerde yaşayanları etkilemektedir. Küresel iklim değişikliği sorunu tüm dünyayı olduğu gibi Türkiye’yi de etkilemekte, ülkemiz kentleri de aşırı yağışlara bağlı meydana gelen sellere sıkça maruz kalmaktadır. Nüfusun çoğunluğuna ev sahipliği yapan kentler, iklim değişikliğine bağlı ortaya çıkan meteorolojik afetlere karşı oldukça kırılgandır. Kentlerin kırılganlık düzeylerini tespit etmek, iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarını üretebilmek için bir ön çalışma olarak önem kazanmaktadır. Bu makalede, Türkiye’deki 81 il merkezinin aşırı yağışlardan kaynaklanan sel tehdidine karşı kırılganlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, gösterge temelli kırılganlık analizi yapılmıştır. Fiziksel, mekansal ve sosyal göstergelerden yararlanılarak yapılan analiz sonucunda, ülkemizdeki merkez kentlerden %24’ünün birinci ve ikinci düzey olmak üzere en yüksek kırılganlık düzeylerinde, %23’ünün ise en düşük kırılganlık düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, ülke genelinde kıyı ve doğu bölgelerinin aşırı yağışlara karşı iç kesimlere kıyasla daha kırılgan olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Supporting Institution
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Project Number
2015.KB.FEN.006
Thanks
Bu makale, 2015.KB.FEN.006 no’lu “İklim Değişikliği Azaltım ve Adaptasyon Stratejilerinin Türkiye İllerine Göre Önceliklendirilmesi” başlıklı araştırma projesi kapsamında üretilmiştir. Bu projeye destek sağlayan Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.
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- Revi, A., Satterthwaite, D.E., Aragón-Durand, F., Corfee-Morlot, J., Kiunsi, R.B.R., Pelling, M.,Roberts, D.C. and Solecki, W.(2014). “Urban areas” in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp.535-612.
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Year 2022,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 34 - 45, 02.04.2022
Mediha Burcu Sılaydın Aydın
,
Emine Duygu Kahraman
Project Number
2015.KB.FEN.006
References
- Adelekan, I.O. (2011). Vulnerability assessment of an urban flood in Nigeria: Abeokuta flood 2007. Nat Hazards, (56), 215–231.
- Adger, W. N., Lorenzoni, I., O'Brien, K. L. (Eds.). (2009). Adapting to climate change: Thresholds, values, governance. Cambridge University Press.
- Alberti, M. (2008). Advences in Urban Ecology, Integrating Human Ecology and Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems. Springer: Washington, USA.
- Aydın, M.B.S., Kahraman, E.D. (2019). Kompakt Kent Ölçütlerinden Biri Olan Yoğunluk Tespiti ve Değerlendirmesi: Türkiye Kentleri (İl Merkezleri) Örneği. Planlama 29(2), 171-193.
- Balica S.F., Douben N., Wright, N.G. (2009) Flood vulnerability indices at varying spatial scales. Water Science and Technology 60(10): 2571-2580.
- Balica, S.F., Wright, N.G., Van der Meulen, F. (2012) A flood vulnerability index for coastal cities and its use in assessing climate change impacts. Natural Hazards 64:73–105
- Baker, J.L. (2012), Climate Change, Disaster Risk, and the Urban Poor: Cities Building Resilience for a Changing World, World Bank, Washington, DC.
- Chang, H., Pallathadka, A., Sauer, J., Grimm, N.B., Zimmerman, R., Cheng, C., Iwaniec, D.M., Kim, Y., Lloyd, R., McPhearson, T.,
Rosenzweig, B., Troxler, T., Welty, C., Brenner, R., Herreros-Cantis, P. (2021). Assessment of urban flood vulnerability using the social-ecological-technological systems framework in six US cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 68, 1-15.
- Chuang, M.T., Chen, T.L., Lin, Z.H. (2020). A review of resilient practice based upon flood vulnerability in New Taipei City, Taiwan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 46, 1-10.
- Cutter, S.L., Emrich, C.T., Webb, J.J., Morath, D. (2009). Social Vulnerability to Climate Variability Hazards: A Review of the Literature. Final Report to Oxfam America. Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia.
- De León V, Carlos J (2006) Vulnerability: a conceptional and methodological review. UNU-EHS.
Fekete, A. (2009). Validation of a social vulnerability index in context to river-floods in Germany. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. (9), 393–403.
- Flanagan, B.E., Gregory, E.W., Hallisey, E.J., Heitgerd, J.L., Lewis, B. (2011). A Social Vulnerability Index for Disaster Management. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8(1), Article 3.
- Gbetibouo, G.A., Ringler, C. (2009) Mapping South African farming sector vulnerability to climate change and variability: A subnational assessment. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA).
- Handmer, J., Honda, Y., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Arnell, N., Benito, G., Hatfield, J., ... & Yamano, H. (2012). Changes in impacts of climate extremes: human systems and ecosystems. In Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 231-290). Cambridge University Press.
- IPCC, (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. [McCarthy, J.J., Canziani, O.F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J., White, K.S. (eds)]. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, UK.
- IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 7-22.
- KC, B., Shepherd, JM., Gaither, CJ. (2015). Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia. Applied Geography 62, 62-74.
- Kelly, P. M., Adger, W. N. (2000). Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and Facilitating adaptation. Climatic change, 47(4), 325-352.
- Krellenberg, K., Welz, J. (2017). Assessing Urban Vulnerability in the Context of Flood and Heat Hazard: Pathways and Challenges for Indicator-Based Analysis. Soc Indic Res (132), 709–731.
- Lankao, P. R., Qin, H. (2011). Conceptualizing urban vulnerability to global climate and environmental change. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 3(3), 142-149.
- Lwasa, S. (2010). Adapting urban areas in Africa to climate change: the case of Kampala. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2(3), 166-171.
- Mansur, A.V., Brondı´zio, E.S., Roy, S., Hetrick, S., Vogt, N.D., Newton, A. (2016). An assessment of urban vulnerability in the Amazon Delta and Estuary: a multi-criterion index of flood exposure, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure, Sustain Sci, 11, 625–643.
- Masson, V., Lemonsu, A., Hidalgo, J., Voogt, J. (2020). Urban climates and climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45, 411-444.
- MGM. (2014). Meteorolojik karakterli doğal afetler. http://www.mgm.gov. tr/arastirma/dogal-afetler. aspx?s=taskinlar (Erişim tarihi: Ocak, 2016).
- Muller, A., Reiter J., Weiland, U. (2011). Assessment of urban vulnerability towards floods using an indicator-based approach – a case study for Santiago de Chile. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2107–2123.
- Naess, L.O., Norland, I.T., Lafferty, W.M., Aall, C. (2006). Data and processes linking vulnerability assessment to adaptation decision-making on climate change in Norway. Global Environmental Change 16, 221–233.
- Otto-Zimmermann, K. (2011). Building the global adaptation community. In Resilient Cities (pp. 3-9). Springer, Dordrecht.
Patz, J. A., Grabow, M. L., Limaye, V. S. (2014). When it rains, it pours: future climate extremes and health. Annals of global health, 80(4), 332-344.
- Rasch, RJ. (2015). Assessing urban vulnerability to flood hazard in Brazilian municipalities. Environment & Urbanization. 28(1), 145–168.
- Revi, A., Satterthwaite, D.E., Aragón-Durand, F., Corfee-Morlot, J., Kiunsi, R.B.R., Pelling, M.,Roberts, D.C. and Solecki, W.(2014). “Urban areas” in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp.535-612.
- Rufat, S., Tate, E., Burton, C.G., Maroof, A.S. (2015). Social vulnerability to floods: Review of case studies and implications for measurement. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. (14), 470-486.
- Satterthwaite, D., Huq, S., Pelling, M., Reid, H., Lankao, P. R. (2007). Adapting to climate change in urban areas. London: IIED.