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The impact of students’ self-regulated language learning on their reading achievement: Grade 9 students in focus

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 175 - 188, 29.08.2013

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not motivational beliefs and selfregulated
learning strategies are significant predictors of high school students' reading
performance. The sub-scales for the motivation scale were intrinsic and extrinsic goal
orientations, task value, and self-efficacy for students’ reading performance; while the subscales
for the cognitive learning strategies were cognitive strategies (memorization,
elaboration, and organization) and meta-cognitive self-regulation (planning, monitoring, and
evaluating). The study included 107 Grade 9 students at Bahir Dar. Questionnaire, interview
and tests were used to gather data. The statistical methods used for analyses were correlation
and regression. The data gathered through interview, however, were narrated. The results
showed that the students’ use of cognitive strategies was a significant predictor of their
reading performance.

References

  • Abiy Y. (2005). ‘Effects of teacher mediation on student conceptions and approaches to
  • reading.’ An unpublished PhD dissertation, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
  • Alexander, P., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1998). ‘A perspective on strategy research:
  • Progress and prospect.’ Educational Psychology Review, 10, 129-­‐154.
  • Alexander, P.A., & Jetton, T.L. (2000). ‘Learning from text: A multidimensional and
  • developmental perspective.’ In M.L. Kamil, P.B. Mosenthal, P.D. Pearson, & R. Barr
  • (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 285–310). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Baird, J.R., & White, R.T. (1984). ‘Improving learning through enhanced meta-cognition: A
  • classroom study.’ Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research
  • Association, New Orleans.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
  • Camahalan, F.M. (2006). ‘Effects of self-regulated learning on mathematics achievement of selected Southeast Asian children.’ Journal of Instructional Psychology, 33(3), 194-205.
  • Cleary, T.J., & Zimmerman, B.J. (2004). ‘Self-regulation empowerment program: A school- based program to enhance self-regulated and self-motivated cycles of student learning.’ Psychology in the Schools, 41(5), 537-550.
  • Dart, B.C., & Clarke, J.A. (1991). ‘Helping students become better learners: A case study in teacher education.’ Higher Education, 22, 317-335.
  • Delbridge, K. (2008). ‘What we know about the teaching of adolescent reading.’ In S. B. Kucer (Ed.), What research really says about teaching and learning to read (pp.158- 173). Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Dole, J. A., Duffy, G. G., Roehler, L. R., & Pearson, P. D. (1991). ‘Moving from the old to the new: Research on reading comprehension instruction.’ Review of Educational Research, 61, 239-264.
  • Eccles, J.S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). ‘Motivational beliefs, values, and goals.’ Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109-132.
  • Fulk, B.M., & Brigham, F.J. (1998). ‘Motivation and self-regulation.’ Remedial & Special Education, 19(5), 300-309.
  • Ehrlich et al (1993). ‘Cognitive and motivational determinants of reading comprehension in good and poor readers.’ Journal of Reading Behavior, 25(4), 365-381.
  • Garner, R. (1987). ‘Strategies for reading and studying expository texts.’ Educational Psychologist, 22, 299-312.
  • Gebremedhin Simion (1993). ‘Individualized Reading for EAP for Social Science First year Students,’ (unpublished PhD Dissertation) Addis Ababa University.
  • Gessesse Taddesse (1999). ‘The Effect of a Process Approach to Teaching Reading on First Year Students at Kotebe College of Teacher Education,’ (unpublished PhD Dissertation) Addis Ababa University.
  • Goldman, S. R., & Rakestraw, J. A. (2000). ‘Structural aspects of constructing meaning from text.’ In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, 3, 311-335. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Grabe, W. (1991). ‘Current developments in second language reading research.’ TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 375-406.
  • Haller, E. P., Child, D. A., & Walberg, H. J. (1988). ‘Can comprehension be taught? A quantitative synthesis of meta-cognitive studies.’ Educational Researcher, 17(9), 5-8.
  • Kurman, J. (2006). Self-enhancement, self-regulation and self-improvement following failures. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 339-356.
  • Linnenbrink, E.A., & Pintrich, PR. (2002). ‘Motivation as an enabler for academic success.’ School Psychology Review, 31(3), 313-327.
  • Lu,Z.Y.(1989).The Process of Reading Comprehension and Factors Influencing Comprehension. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 4, 40-46.
  • MacIntyre, P., Baker, S. C., Clement, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2002). ‘Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students.’ Language Learning, 52, 537-564.
  • Malpass, J.R., O'Neil, J.H.F., & Hocevar, D. (1999). ‘Self-Regulation, goal orientation, self- efficacy, worry, and high-stakes math achievement for mathematically gifted high school students.’ Roeper Review, 27(4), 281-289.
  • Mayer, R. E. (1996). ‘Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text: The SOI model for guiding three cognitive processes in knowledge construction.’ Educational Psychology Review, 8(4), 357–371.
  • Metallidou, P., & Vlachou, A. (2007). ‘Motivational beliefs, cognitive engagement, and achievement in language and mathematics in elementary school children.’ International Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 2-15.
  • National Agency for Examinations (NAE) (2004). Ethiopian Third National Learning Assessment of Grade 8 Students. Addis Ababa pdf doc. retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et.
  • National Agency for Examinations (NAE) 2010.Ethiopian First National Learning Assessment of Grades 10 and 12 Students. Addis Ababa pdf document retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et
  • National Organization for Examinations (NOE) 2004. Ethiopian Second National Learning Assessment of Grade 8 Students. Addis Ababa pdf doc. retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et
  • Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (1997). ‘Influence of Self-­‐Efficacy on Elementary Students' Writing.’ The Journal of Educational Research, 90(6), 353-­‐360.
  • Pajares, F. et al. (1999). ‘Gender difference in writing self-­‐beliefs of elementary school students.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 50-­‐61.
  • Pape, S. J., & Wang, C. (2003). ‘Middle school children’s strategic behavior: Classification and relation to academic achievement and mathematical problem solving.’ Instructional Science, 31,419-449.
  • Paris, S.G. & Newman, R.S. (1990). ‘Developmental aspects of self-regulated learning.’ Educational Psychologist, 25, 87-102.
  • Paris, S. C. & Paris, A. H. (2001). ‘Classroom applications of research on self-regulated learning.’ Educational Psychologist, 36, 89-101.
  • Pintrich, P. R, Smith D, Garcia, T. and McKeachie, W. J. (1993). ‘Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).’ Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 801-813.
  • Pintrich, P. & De Groot, E. V. (1990). ‘Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.’ Journal of Educational Psychology.82,33-40.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000). ‘The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning.’ In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich & M. Zeidner (Eds), Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 452- 502), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2004). ‘A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students.’ Educational Psychology Review, 16, 385-407..
  • Pintrich, P.R. & Garcia, T. (1994). ‘Self-regulated learning in college students: Knowledge, strategies, and motivation.’ In P.R. Pintrich, D.R. Brown, & C. Weinstein (Eds), Student motivation, cognition, and learning, (pp.113-133), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
  • Pintrich, P.R. (1999). ‘The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning.’ International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 459-470.
  • Pintrich, P.R., De Groot, E.A.M., & Garcia, T. (1992). ‘Student motivation and self-regulated learning in different classroom contexts.’ Paper presented at the International Congress of Psychology, Belgium.
  • Pressley, M. (2000). ‘What should comprehension instruction be the instruction of?’ In M.L. Kamil, P.B. Mosenthal, P.D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research: Volume III. Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Schunk, D.H., & Zimmerman, B.J. (1997). ‘Social origins of self-regulatory competence.’ Educational Psychologist, 32(4), 195-208.
  • Shell, D. F., Murphy, C. C., & Bruning, R. H. (1989). ‘Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Mechanisms in Reading and Writing Achievement.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 91-100.
  • Smagorinsky, P. (2001). ‘If meaning is constructed, what is it made from? Toward a cultural theory of reading.’ Review of Educational Research, 71, 133-169.
  • Vacca, R., Vacca, J., & Begoray, D. (2005). Content Area Reading (Canadian Ed). Toronto: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Volet, S. E. (1991). ‘Modeling and coaching of relevant meta-cognitive strategies for enhancing university students' learning.’ Learning and Instruction, 1, 319-336.
  • Weinstein, C.E. (1988). ‘Assessment and training of student learning strategies,’ In R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and learning styles (pp. 291-315), New York: Plenum Press.
  • Whipp, J.L., & Chiarelli, S. (2004). ‘Self-regulation in a web-based course: A case study.’ Educational Technology Research & Development, 52(4), 5-22.
  • Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (1997). ‘Relations of children’s motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 420– 432.
  • Wittrock, M. C. (1998). ‘Cognition and subject matter learning,’ In N. M. Lambert & B. L. McCombs (Eds.), How students learn: Reforming schools through learner-centered education, (pp. 143-152). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Wolters, C. A., Pintrich, P. R., & Karabenick, S. A. (2003). ‘Assessing academic self- regulated learning.’ Paper prepared for the Conference on Indicators of Positive Development: Definitions, Measures, and Prospective Validity, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Zimmerman, B J., & Campillio, M. (2003). ‘Motivating self-regulated problem solvers.’ In J.E. Davidson & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving, (pp.233- 262),UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). ‘Attaining self-regulation: a social cognitive perspective.’ In M. Boekaerts, P. R.Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego: Academic.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1990). ‘Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 51–59.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1992). ‘Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting.’ American Educational Research Journal, 29,663-676.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. & Martinez-Pons, M. (1986). ‘Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies.’ American Educational Research Journal, 23, 614-628.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (1990). ‘Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview.’ Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (2002).‘Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview.’ Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64-70.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. & Kitsantas, A. (1997). ‘Developmental phases in self-regulation: Shifting from process to outcome goals.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 29-36.
Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 175 - 188, 29.08.2013

Abstract

References

  • Abiy Y. (2005). ‘Effects of teacher mediation on student conceptions and approaches to
  • reading.’ An unpublished PhD dissertation, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
  • Alexander, P., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1998). ‘A perspective on strategy research:
  • Progress and prospect.’ Educational Psychology Review, 10, 129-­‐154.
  • Alexander, P.A., & Jetton, T.L. (2000). ‘Learning from text: A multidimensional and
  • developmental perspective.’ In M.L. Kamil, P.B. Mosenthal, P.D. Pearson, & R. Barr
  • (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 285–310). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Baird, J.R., & White, R.T. (1984). ‘Improving learning through enhanced meta-cognition: A
  • classroom study.’ Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research
  • Association, New Orleans.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
  • Camahalan, F.M. (2006). ‘Effects of self-regulated learning on mathematics achievement of selected Southeast Asian children.’ Journal of Instructional Psychology, 33(3), 194-205.
  • Cleary, T.J., & Zimmerman, B.J. (2004). ‘Self-regulation empowerment program: A school- based program to enhance self-regulated and self-motivated cycles of student learning.’ Psychology in the Schools, 41(5), 537-550.
  • Dart, B.C., & Clarke, J.A. (1991). ‘Helping students become better learners: A case study in teacher education.’ Higher Education, 22, 317-335.
  • Delbridge, K. (2008). ‘What we know about the teaching of adolescent reading.’ In S. B. Kucer (Ed.), What research really says about teaching and learning to read (pp.158- 173). Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Dole, J. A., Duffy, G. G., Roehler, L. R., & Pearson, P. D. (1991). ‘Moving from the old to the new: Research on reading comprehension instruction.’ Review of Educational Research, 61, 239-264.
  • Eccles, J.S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). ‘Motivational beliefs, values, and goals.’ Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109-132.
  • Fulk, B.M., & Brigham, F.J. (1998). ‘Motivation and self-regulation.’ Remedial & Special Education, 19(5), 300-309.
  • Ehrlich et al (1993). ‘Cognitive and motivational determinants of reading comprehension in good and poor readers.’ Journal of Reading Behavior, 25(4), 365-381.
  • Garner, R. (1987). ‘Strategies for reading and studying expository texts.’ Educational Psychologist, 22, 299-312.
  • Gebremedhin Simion (1993). ‘Individualized Reading for EAP for Social Science First year Students,’ (unpublished PhD Dissertation) Addis Ababa University.
  • Gessesse Taddesse (1999). ‘The Effect of a Process Approach to Teaching Reading on First Year Students at Kotebe College of Teacher Education,’ (unpublished PhD Dissertation) Addis Ababa University.
  • Goldman, S. R., & Rakestraw, J. A. (2000). ‘Structural aspects of constructing meaning from text.’ In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, 3, 311-335. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Grabe, W. (1991). ‘Current developments in second language reading research.’ TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 375-406.
  • Haller, E. P., Child, D. A., & Walberg, H. J. (1988). ‘Can comprehension be taught? A quantitative synthesis of meta-cognitive studies.’ Educational Researcher, 17(9), 5-8.
  • Kurman, J. (2006). Self-enhancement, self-regulation and self-improvement following failures. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 339-356.
  • Linnenbrink, E.A., & Pintrich, PR. (2002). ‘Motivation as an enabler for academic success.’ School Psychology Review, 31(3), 313-327.
  • Lu,Z.Y.(1989).The Process of Reading Comprehension and Factors Influencing Comprehension. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 4, 40-46.
  • MacIntyre, P., Baker, S. C., Clement, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2002). ‘Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students.’ Language Learning, 52, 537-564.
  • Malpass, J.R., O'Neil, J.H.F., & Hocevar, D. (1999). ‘Self-Regulation, goal orientation, self- efficacy, worry, and high-stakes math achievement for mathematically gifted high school students.’ Roeper Review, 27(4), 281-289.
  • Mayer, R. E. (1996). ‘Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text: The SOI model for guiding three cognitive processes in knowledge construction.’ Educational Psychology Review, 8(4), 357–371.
  • Metallidou, P., & Vlachou, A. (2007). ‘Motivational beliefs, cognitive engagement, and achievement in language and mathematics in elementary school children.’ International Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 2-15.
  • National Agency for Examinations (NAE) (2004). Ethiopian Third National Learning Assessment of Grade 8 Students. Addis Ababa pdf doc. retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et.
  • National Agency for Examinations (NAE) 2010.Ethiopian First National Learning Assessment of Grades 10 and 12 Students. Addis Ababa pdf document retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et
  • National Organization for Examinations (NOE) 2004. Ethiopian Second National Learning Assessment of Grade 8 Students. Addis Ababa pdf doc. retrieved from http//www.nae.gov.et
  • Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (1997). ‘Influence of Self-­‐Efficacy on Elementary Students' Writing.’ The Journal of Educational Research, 90(6), 353-­‐360.
  • Pajares, F. et al. (1999). ‘Gender difference in writing self-­‐beliefs of elementary school students.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 50-­‐61.
  • Pape, S. J., & Wang, C. (2003). ‘Middle school children’s strategic behavior: Classification and relation to academic achievement and mathematical problem solving.’ Instructional Science, 31,419-449.
  • Paris, S.G. & Newman, R.S. (1990). ‘Developmental aspects of self-regulated learning.’ Educational Psychologist, 25, 87-102.
  • Paris, S. C. & Paris, A. H. (2001). ‘Classroom applications of research on self-regulated learning.’ Educational Psychologist, 36, 89-101.
  • Pintrich, P. R, Smith D, Garcia, T. and McKeachie, W. J. (1993). ‘Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).’ Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 801-813.
  • Pintrich, P. & De Groot, E. V. (1990). ‘Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.’ Journal of Educational Psychology.82,33-40.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000). ‘The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning.’ In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich & M. Zeidner (Eds), Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 452- 502), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2004). ‘A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students.’ Educational Psychology Review, 16, 385-407..
  • Pintrich, P.R. & Garcia, T. (1994). ‘Self-regulated learning in college students: Knowledge, strategies, and motivation.’ In P.R. Pintrich, D.R. Brown, & C. Weinstein (Eds), Student motivation, cognition, and learning, (pp.113-133), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
  • Pintrich, P.R. (1999). ‘The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning.’ International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 459-470.
  • Pintrich, P.R., De Groot, E.A.M., & Garcia, T. (1992). ‘Student motivation and self-regulated learning in different classroom contexts.’ Paper presented at the International Congress of Psychology, Belgium.
  • Pressley, M. (2000). ‘What should comprehension instruction be the instruction of?’ In M.L. Kamil, P.B. Mosenthal, P.D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research: Volume III. Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Schunk, D.H., & Zimmerman, B.J. (1997). ‘Social origins of self-regulatory competence.’ Educational Psychologist, 32(4), 195-208.
  • Shell, D. F., Murphy, C. C., & Bruning, R. H. (1989). ‘Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Mechanisms in Reading and Writing Achievement.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 91-100.
  • Smagorinsky, P. (2001). ‘If meaning is constructed, what is it made from? Toward a cultural theory of reading.’ Review of Educational Research, 71, 133-169.
  • Vacca, R., Vacca, J., & Begoray, D. (2005). Content Area Reading (Canadian Ed). Toronto: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Volet, S. E. (1991). ‘Modeling and coaching of relevant meta-cognitive strategies for enhancing university students' learning.’ Learning and Instruction, 1, 319-336.
  • Weinstein, C.E. (1988). ‘Assessment and training of student learning strategies,’ In R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and learning styles (pp. 291-315), New York: Plenum Press.
  • Whipp, J.L., & Chiarelli, S. (2004). ‘Self-regulation in a web-based course: A case study.’ Educational Technology Research & Development, 52(4), 5-22.
  • Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (1997). ‘Relations of children’s motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 420– 432.
  • Wittrock, M. C. (1998). ‘Cognition and subject matter learning,’ In N. M. Lambert & B. L. McCombs (Eds.), How students learn: Reforming schools through learner-centered education, (pp. 143-152). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Wolters, C. A., Pintrich, P. R., & Karabenick, S. A. (2003). ‘Assessing academic self- regulated learning.’ Paper prepared for the Conference on Indicators of Positive Development: Definitions, Measures, and Prospective Validity, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Zimmerman, B J., & Campillio, M. (2003). ‘Motivating self-regulated problem solvers.’ In J.E. Davidson & R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving, (pp.233- 262),UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). ‘Attaining self-regulation: a social cognitive perspective.’ In M. Boekaerts, P. R.Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego: Academic.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1990). ‘Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 51–59.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1992). ‘Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting.’ American Educational Research Journal, 29,663-676.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. & Martinez-Pons, M. (1986). ‘Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies.’ American Educational Research Journal, 23, 614-628.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (1990). ‘Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview.’ Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (2002).‘Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview.’ Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64-70.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. & Kitsantas, A. (1997). ‘Developmental phases in self-regulation: Shifting from process to outcome goals.’ Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 29-36.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section ELT Research Journal
Authors

Abiy Filate

Publication Date August 29, 2013
Submission Date August 29, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Filate, A. (2013). The impact of students’ self-regulated language learning on their reading achievement: Grade 9 students in focus. ELT Research Journal, 1(3), 175-188.