Research Article

A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs

Number: 4 June 24, 2026
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A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs

Abstract

The late 19th and early 20th centuries were a period in which economic, social, and spatial changes and transformations accelerated throughout the Ottoman Empire, particularly in port cities. In this context, Trabzon, as a significant Black Sea port city, served as a transitional hub with a multi-layered socio-economic structure shaped by its commercial ties between inland regions and the wider international world.This study analyzes the photographs of Trabzon found in the collection of Fahreddin Pasha, a military photographer, as primary sources reflecting the socio-economic landscape of the period through a semiotic approach. The theoretical and conceptual framework of the study is grounded in Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic model of signs. Within this framework, photographs are examined as multi-layered signs: at the iconic level, they reflect the physical reality of space; at the indexical level, they reveal traces and indicators of socio-economic relations; and at the symbolic level, they convey culturally constructed meanings grounded in social conventions. Employing semiotic analysis and signification methods, the study aims to render visible the socio-economic structure of Trabzon as shaped and articulated through port trade, caravan transportation, transhumance (highland pastoralism), the central square of Trabzon, rural production, and urban-based commercial relations. Consequently, photographs are regarded not merely as relics of the past, but as dynamic signs that reveal the transforming economic and social fabric of the city through multi-layered processes of meaning production.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdülvahap Hayri. (2008). İktisadi Trabzon, iktisadi nokta-i nazardan Trabzon’un vaziyet-i hâzırası ve istikbâli (M. Öksüz, Haz.). Trabzon: Serander Yayınları.
  2. Ahmet Şerif (1999). Anadolu’da Tanin (Cilt 1) (M. Ç. Börekçi, Haz.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  3. Albayrak, H. (1994). Trabzon basın tarihi ve Batum, Gümüşhane, Rize, Giresun, Ordu, Samsun basını 1869- 1928 (1. Cilt). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayın Matbaacılık ve Ticaret İşletmesi.
  4. Ali Cevad. (1313/1897). Memâlik-i Osmaniyenin tarih ve coğrafya lügati (2. bs.). Dersaadet (İstanbul): Mahmut Bey Matbaası. (Türk Tarih Kurumu Rumi yılı esas alarak kitaba 1897 olarak tarih girmiştir).
  5. Atabek, G. Ş., & Atabek, Ü. (2007). Medya metinlerini çözümlemek: İçerik, göstergebilim ve söylem çözümleme yöntemleri. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Communication and Media Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 24, 2026

Submission Date

June 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 4

APA
Karabacak, P. S. (2026). A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs. Eurasian Journal of Media Communication and Culture Studies, 4. https://doi.org/10.69999/emedia.1966286
AMA
1.Karabacak PS. A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs. EMEDIA. 2026;(4). doi:10.69999/emedia.1966286
Chicago
Karabacak, Peyami Sefa. 2026. “A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs”. Eurasian Journal of Media Communication and Culture Studies, nos. 4. https://doi.org/10.69999/emedia.1966286.
EndNote
Karabacak PS (June 1, 2026) A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs. Eurasian Journal of Media Communication and Culture Studies 4
IEEE
[1]P. S. Karabacak, “A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs”, EMEDIA, no. 4, June 2026, doi: 10.69999/emedia.1966286.
ISNAD
Karabacak, Peyami Sefa. “A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs”. Eurasian Journal of Media Communication and Culture Studies. 4 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.69999/emedia.1966286.
JAMA
1.Karabacak PS. A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs. EMEDIA. 2026. doi:10.69999/emedia.1966286.
MLA
Karabacak, Peyami Sefa. “A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs”. Eurasian Journal of Media Communication and Culture Studies, no. 4, June 2026, doi:10.69999/emedia.1966286.
Vancouver
1.Peyami Sefa Karabacak. A Semiotic Analysis of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Province of Trabzon at the End of the Nineteenth Century Based on Photographs. EMEDIA. 2026 Jun. 1;(4). doi:10.69999/emedia.1966286