Mutual examination of corrosion and wear resistance of sandblasting and etching surface treatments applied to AISI 316L stainless steel

Abstract

Since AISI 316L stainless steel has excellent mechanical qualities and resistance to corrosion, it is widely used in many different industries. Surface treatments like etching and sandblasting are frequently used to improve the surface properties for certain uses. It is still difficult to comprehend how these treatments affect the material’s resistance to corrosion and wear, though. In this work, we methodically examine how sandblasting and etching affect AISI 316L stainless steel’s resistance to corrosion and wear. We assess the morphological, chemical, and performance changes brought about by these treatments using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness testing, and tribological analysis. Our findings show that the surface morphology and chemistry are dramatically changed by both treatments, which has an impact on the corrosion and wear behavior of the material. The best wear resistance was obtained from the sandblasted sample (0.64 x10−3 mm3/Nm) and the best corrosion resistance was obtained from the untreated sample. The optimization of surface treatment techniques for stainless steel alloys in many industrial applications is facilitated by these findings.

Keywords

• 316L
• Etching
• Blasting
• Wettability
• Wear
• Corrosion

References

1. A.S.M. International, & Narayan, R. J. (2012). Materials for medical devices. ASM International. https://dl.asminternational.org/handbooks/edited-volume/56/chapter/667361/Medical-Implant-Materials
2. Ali, S., Abdul Rani, A. M., Altaf, K., Hussain, P., Prakash, C., Hastuty, S., Rao, T. V. V. L. N., Aliyu, A. A., & Subramaniam, K. (2019). Investigation of alloy composition and sintering parameters on the corrosion resistance and microhardness of 316L stainless steel alloy. In B. Gapiński, M. Szostak, & V. Ivanov (Eds.), Advances in Manufacturing II (pp. 532–541). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16943-5_45
3. Ren, Z., & Ernst, F. (2020). Stress–corrosion cracking of AISI 316L stainless steel in seawater environments: Effect of surface machining. Metals, 10(1324). https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101324
4. Acar, M. T. (2023). Investigation of the effects of Sr and Mn doping on corrosion tribocorrosion and cyclic voltammetry performances of TiO2 nanotubes. European Mechanical Science, 7, 138–145. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1265161
5. Acar, M. T. (2023). Investigation of surface wettability, corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of machined, etched, blasted and anodized Cp-Ti samples. MRS Communications, 13, 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00387-6
6. Liu, J., Xue, Y., Dong, X., Fan, Y., Hao, H., & Wang, X. (2023). Review of the surface treatment process for the adhesive matrix of composite materials. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 126, 103446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103446
7. Menezes, M. R., Godoy, C., Buono, V. T. L., Schvartzman, M. M., & Wilson, J. A.-B. (2017). Effect of shot peening and treatment temperature on wear and corrosion resistance of sequentially plasma treated AISI 316L steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 309, 651–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.066
8. Vafadar, A., Guzzomi, F., Rassau, A., & Hayward, K. (2021). Advances in metal additive manufacturing: A review of common processes, industrial applications, and current challenges. Applied Sciences, 11(1213). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031213

9. Ferraris, S., Vitale, A., Bertone, E., Guastella, S., Cassinelli, C., Pan, J., & Spriano, S. (2016). Multifunctional commercially pure titanium for the improvement of bone integration: Multiscale topography, wettability, corrosion resistance and biological functionalization. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 60, 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.040
10. Rakngarm, A., & Mutoh, Y. (2009). Characterization and fatigue damage of plasma sprayed HAp top coat with Ti and HAp/Ti bond coat layers on commercially pure titanium substrate. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2, 444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.12.007
11. Akpinar, I. A. (2024). The effect of chemical etching and nanostructure additive epoxy coating technique on adhesion strength in aluminum joints bonded with nanostructure additive adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 129, 103584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103584
12. Acar, M. T., Kovacı, H., & Çelik, A. (2021). Enhancement of the tribological performance and surface wettability of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy with boric/sulfuric acid anodic film. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 9(035024). https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac011e
13. Acar, M. T. (2024). Analyzing the corrosion and tribocorrosion performances of monolayer TiO2 and bilayer TiO2-SiO2 coatings at different SBF temperatures. Physica Scripta, 99(025910). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aa5677
14. Acar, M. T., Çomaklı, O., Yazıcı, M., Arslan, M. E., Yetim, A. F., & Çelik, A. (2024). The effect of doping different amounts of boron on the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of TiO2 nanotubes synthesized on SLM Ti6Al4V samples. Surfaces and Interfaces, 104472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.104472
15. Çakır, M. A., & Köseoğlu, B. (2023). Investigation of the structural, tribological, and electrochemical properties of nitrided and boronized AISI 316L stainless steel. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 76, 1517–1533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-02624-w
16. Strasser, T., Preis, V., Behr, M., & Rosentritt, M. (2018). Roughness, surface energy, and superficial damages of CAD/CAM materials after surface treatment. Clinical Oral Investigations, 22, 2787–2797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2364-2
17. Sun, J., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Li, B., Xing, K., & Yang, Z. (2020). Study on selective laser melting 316L stainless steel parts with superhydrophobic surface. Applied Surface Science, 533, 147445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147445
18. Hebbar, R. S., Isloor, A. M., & Ismail, A. F. (2017). Contact angle measurements. In Membrane Characterization 219–255. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63776-5.00012-7
19. Patankar, N. A. (2003). On the modeling of hydrophobic contact angles on rough surfaces. Langmuir, 19, 1249–1253. https://doi.org/10.1021/la026612+
20. Huang, Y., Sarkar, D. K., & Chen, X. G. (2015). Superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surfaces prepared by chemical etching process and their corrosion resistance properties. Applied Surface Science, 356, 1012–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.168
21. Meiron, T. S., Marmur, A., & Saguy, I. S. (2004). Contact angle measurement on rough surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 274, 637–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.026
22. Fazel, M., Salimijazi, H. R., & Golozar, M. A. (2015). A comparison of corrosion, tribocorrosion and electrochemical impedance properties of pure Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy treated by micro-arc oxidation process. Applied Surface Science, 324, 751–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.11.118
23. Zou, J. X., Zhang, K. M., Hao, S. Z., Dong, C., & Grosdidier, T. (2010). Mechanisms of hardening, wear and corrosion improvement of 316 L stainless steel by low energy high current pulsed electron beam surface treatment. Thin Solid Films, 519, 1404–1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.031
24. Noor, E. A., & Al-Moubaraki, A. H. (2008). Corrosion behavior of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 3, 806–818.
25. Mu, J., Sun, T., Leung, C. L. A., Oliveira, J. P., Wu, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2023). Application of electrochemical polishing in surface treatment of additively manufactured structures: A review. Progress in Materials Science, 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101109
26. Burwell, J. T. Jr. (1957). Survey of possible wear mechanisms. Wear, 1, 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(57)90046-8
27. Tkadletz, M., Schalk, N., Daniel, R., Keckes, J., Czettl, C., & Mitterer, C. (2016). Advanced characterization methods for wear resistant hard coatings: A review on recent progress. Surface and Coatings Technology, 285, 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.004