Tunable magnetic-luminescent Tb:SiO2@Fe3O4 nanoparticles for theranostic applications

Abstract

Magnetic-luminescent Tb-doped SiO2@Fe3O4 core@shell nanoparticles were synthesized via a two-step approach and evaluated for biomedical applications. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed broad emissions from the SiO2 matrix and distinct Tb3+-related peaks at 543–621 nm, corresponding to 5D4-7Fj (j=5,4,3) transitions. Increasing Tb content led to enhanced PL intensity and crystallinity. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) confirmed superparamagnetic behavior, with high saturation magnetization values—45.53 emu/g for 1% and 36.93 emu/g for 3 mol. % Tb-doped samples—exceeding values reported in prior studies. The inverse relationship between Tb concentration and magnetization is attributed to 3d–4f orbital interactions and enhanced magneto-crystalline anisotropy. These multifunctional nanoparticles, combining high magnetic responsiveness and optical traceability, demonstrate strong potential for use in non-invasive, image-guided therapies, marking a significant advancement in multifunctional nanomedicine

Keywords

• Core–shell nanostructures
• magnetic-luminescent nanoparticles
• photoluminescence
• superparamagnetic
• terbium doping

Theranostik Uygulamaları İçin Ayarlanabilir Manyetik-Lüminesans Tb:SiO2@Fe3O4 Nanoparçacıkları

Öz

Manyetik-lüminesans Tb katkılı SiO2@Fe3O4 çekirdek/kabuk nanoparçacıkları iki aşamalı bir yöntemle sentezlenmiş ve biyomedikal uygulamalar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Fotolüminesans (PL) analizleri, SiO2 matrisinden kaynaklanan geniş yayınımlar ile Tb3+ iyonlarına ait 543-621 nm aralığındaki belirgin tepe noktalarını (5D4–7Fj; j = 5, 4, 3 geçişleri) ortaya koymuştur. Artan Tb katkı oranı, PL şiddetinde ve kristalinitede belirgin bir artışa yol açmıştır. Titreşimli Örnek Manyetometresi (VSM) sonuçları, yüksek doygunluk manyetizasyon değerleri ile (1 mol.% Tb için 45.53 emu/g ve 3 mol.% Tb için 36.93 emu/g) süperparamanyetik davranışı doğrulamış olup, bu değerler önceki çalışmalarda bildirilenlerden daha yüksektir. Tb konsantrasyonu ile manyetizasyon arasındaki ters ilişki, 3d-4f orbital etkileşimleri ve artan manyeto-kristal anizotropi ile açıklanmaktadır. Yüksek manyetik tepki ve optik izlenebilirliği bir arada sunan bu çok işlevli nanoparçacıklar, non-invaziv, görüntüleme destekli tedavilerde kullanım için güçlü bir potansiyel sunmakta olup, çok işlevli nanomedikal alanında önemli bir ilerleme kaydetmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çekirdek–kabuk nanoyapılar
• Manyetik-lüminesans nanoparçacıklar
• Fotolüminesans
• Süperparamanyetik
• terbiyum katkısı

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