Research Article
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Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation

Year 2019, , 6 - 12, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.449884

Abstract

The
performance of two micro hydro power turbines (Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow
Turbines) were evaluated at the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) dam. The Dam
has a net head of 4 m, flow rate of 0.017m3 and theoretical
hydropower energy of 668W. The two turbines were tested and the optimized value
of operating conditions namely; angle of inclination (15o above
tangent, tangential and 15o below tangent), height to impact point
(200mm, 250mm and 300mm) and length to impact point (50mm, 100mm and 150mm)
were pre-set at their various levels for both Turbines. The optimum values of
the process output or measured parameters were determined statistically using a
33X2 factorial experiment in three replicates. An optimum Turbine
speed (538.38rpm) in off load condition was achieved at 250mm height to impact
point, 150mm length to impact point and angle at tangential inclination.
Similar combination also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 46.16kNm for
Pelton Wheel Turbine. For the Crossflow Turbine, an optimum turbine speed of
330.09rpm was achieved by pre-setting 250mm height to impact
point, 100mm length to impact point and 15º below tangent. Same combination
also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 39.07kNm. The optimum Turbine speed
(392.02rpm) in on-load condition was achieved at 250mm height to impact point,
150mm length to impact point and angle at tangential inclination. Similar combination
also yielded an optimum Turbine Torque of 36.46kNm, optimum Alternator speed of
1768.56 rpm and an optimum output voltage of 7.87 V for Pelton Wheel Turbine
while for Cross Flow Turbine, an optimum Turbine Speed of 197.66 rpm was
achieved by pre-setting 250mm height to impact point, 100mm length to impact
point and 15º below tangent. Same combination also yielded an optimum Turbine
Torque of 25.02kNm, optimum Alternator speed of 879.24rpm and an optimum output
voltage of 4.05V. Hence, from the results obtained, it was observed that the
most efficient turbine at these pre-set conditions was the Pelton Wheel Turbine.
This shows that if adequately optimized, the Pelton wheel can perform
effectively at low heads.

References

  • Akoshile, C. O. and Olaoye, J. O. (2009). Adapting Dedicated Hydro Dam for Electrical Power Generation - Unilorin Case Study. A paper presented at a 2 – Day Seminar on Hydropower Resources: Development, Management and the Environment Organized by the National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development (An Agency of Energy Commission of Nigeria), University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria on 19th – 20th August, 2009.
  • Aliyu, U.O. and Elegba, S. B., (1990). Prospects for Small Hydropower Development for Rural Applications in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, 1(1), 74-86.
  • Craig, H. R., and COX, H. J. (1971). Performance Estimation of Axial Flow Turbines. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Thermodynamics and Fluid Mecahincss Group).Volume 185 pgs.32/71.
  • EIA. (2004). Energy Information Administration, Energy INFO card, October, 2004.
  • Mokmore, C. A and Merryfield, F. (1949) The Bank water turbine” Bulletin Series No. 25, Engineering Experiment Station, Oregon. U.S.A.
  • Okpanefe, P. E. and Owolabi, S., (2001) Small Hydropower in Nigeria. 2001 TCDC Training Workshop on Small Hydropower Programme. Olivia, P. (2008) International Consulting Limited, Nigeria: Electric Power Sector Report.
  • Oyebode, O. O. (2014). Design, Fabrication and Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Crossflow Turbines for Power Generation. M.Eng. Thesis submitted to the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin. Kwara State, Nigeria.
  • Robert, A. Kraft and Robert H. Same. (2002). The tangential impulse water wheels in California Gold Mining. Conference proc. National association of mining history organisation.
  • Sambo, A. S. (2009). The Place of Renewable Energy in the Nigerian Energy Sector. Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies, 10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Staubli, T., Bissel, C., and Leduc, J., 2001. Jet Quality and Pelton Efficiency, HCI Publications, 2nd Edition.
  • Tilahun N., Abraham E., and Edessa D., (2017). Design, Modelling, and CFD Analysis of a Micro Hydro Pelton Turbine Runner: For the Case of Selected Site in Ethiopia International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2017(1): 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3030217
  • Wikander, Orjan (2000), “The water – mill”, in Wikander, Orjan Handbook of Ancient water Technology, Technology and change in history 2, Leiden: Brill, pgs. 371 – 400.
  • Zarma, H. I. (2006). “Hydropower Resources in Nigeria.” Country Paper presented at 2nd Hydropower for Today Conference, International Centre on Hydropower, Hangzhou, China.
  • Amiri, K., Mulu, B., Raisee, M., Cervantes, M. J., (2014). Load variation effects on the pressure fluctuations exerted on a Kaplan turbine runner27th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR 2014). Pp 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/22/3/032005
Year 2019, , 6 - 12, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.449884

Abstract

References

  • Akoshile, C. O. and Olaoye, J. O. (2009). Adapting Dedicated Hydro Dam for Electrical Power Generation - Unilorin Case Study. A paper presented at a 2 – Day Seminar on Hydropower Resources: Development, Management and the Environment Organized by the National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development (An Agency of Energy Commission of Nigeria), University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria on 19th – 20th August, 2009.
  • Aliyu, U.O. and Elegba, S. B., (1990). Prospects for Small Hydropower Development for Rural Applications in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, 1(1), 74-86.
  • Craig, H. R., and COX, H. J. (1971). Performance Estimation of Axial Flow Turbines. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Thermodynamics and Fluid Mecahincss Group).Volume 185 pgs.32/71.
  • EIA. (2004). Energy Information Administration, Energy INFO card, October, 2004.
  • Mokmore, C. A and Merryfield, F. (1949) The Bank water turbine” Bulletin Series No. 25, Engineering Experiment Station, Oregon. U.S.A.
  • Okpanefe, P. E. and Owolabi, S., (2001) Small Hydropower in Nigeria. 2001 TCDC Training Workshop on Small Hydropower Programme. Olivia, P. (2008) International Consulting Limited, Nigeria: Electric Power Sector Report.
  • Oyebode, O. O. (2014). Design, Fabrication and Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Crossflow Turbines for Power Generation. M.Eng. Thesis submitted to the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin. Kwara State, Nigeria.
  • Robert, A. Kraft and Robert H. Same. (2002). The tangential impulse water wheels in California Gold Mining. Conference proc. National association of mining history organisation.
  • Sambo, A. S. (2009). The Place of Renewable Energy in the Nigerian Energy Sector. Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies, 10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Staubli, T., Bissel, C., and Leduc, J., 2001. Jet Quality and Pelton Efficiency, HCI Publications, 2nd Edition.
  • Tilahun N., Abraham E., and Edessa D., (2017). Design, Modelling, and CFD Analysis of a Micro Hydro Pelton Turbine Runner: For the Case of Selected Site in Ethiopia International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2017(1): 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3030217
  • Wikander, Orjan (2000), “The water – mill”, in Wikander, Orjan Handbook of Ancient water Technology, Technology and change in history 2, Leiden: Brill, pgs. 371 – 400.
  • Zarma, H. I. (2006). “Hydropower Resources in Nigeria.” Country Paper presented at 2nd Hydropower for Today Conference, International Centre on Hydropower, Hangzhou, China.
  • Amiri, K., Mulu, B., Raisee, M., Cervantes, M. J., (2014). Load variation effects on the pressure fluctuations exerted on a Kaplan turbine runner27th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR 2014). Pp 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/22/3/032005
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Oyetayo Oyebode

Joshua Olaoye This is me

Publication Date March 20, 2019
Acceptance Date November 14, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Oyebode, O., & Olaoye, J. (2019). Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation. European Mechanical Science, 3(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.449884

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