Adsorption of iron, lead, paracetamol, imipramine on natural polymers

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 33 - 54, 11.09.2019

Gönül Şahin Sonia Sanajou Reihaneh Behnoush Ehsan Bahramzade

Abstract

Poisoning
results from many reasons such as misuse or overdose of drugs. Suicidal and
murder purposes are mostly severe, serious and life-threatening cases which
require immediate intervention and treatment. Among lifesaving methods external
and/or internal decontamination is the most important. Internal decontamination
(gastrointestinal) is an effective process for intoxication control that can be
done by adsorptive materials. Activated charcoal is used as unique local
antidote for adsorption of causative agent. Considering their significance and
effectiveness, adsorptive materials are necessary to be developed. In the
present study, starch and naturally extracted pectin from citrus, in the
presence of trace amount of potassium per sulphate as initiator, were thermally
grafted to chitosan to form natural, inert, and highly adsorptive polymeric
surfaces. This polymer is convenient for 
 biomedical purposes. Upon drying
at 37°C for 48 hours, thermally cross-linked products were obtained. FTIR,
UV-Visible spectrophotometer and SEM analyses were applied in order to
characterize the products. To evaluate the adsorption potency of new adsorptive
material, lead and iron which cause common poisoning were applied on the
polymers. The results showed that adsorption degree of lead and iron were
maximum 50% and 30% respectively. Desorption amounts can be a sign of
adsorption potency. In this study, paracetamol and imipramine, which are
commonly used drugs that can and caused intoxication in case they are misused
or use for suicidal purpose were applied onto two polymers which contain pectin
desorption amount for two drugs were determined. SEM
pictures taken before and after blood/polymer contact didn’t reveal any
significant blood component attachment on the chitosan-graft- (starch; pectin) film surface. Indicating no
hemocompatibility.

Keywords

Chitosan, decontamination, hemocompatibility, imipramine, iron, lead, paracetamol, pectin, starch

References

• Adali T, Yilmaz E (2009). Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies on chitosan-graft-poly (EGDMA). Carbohydr. Polym. 77:136–141.
• Bahramzadeh E, Yilmaz E, Adali T (2019). "Chitosan-graft-poly (N-hydroxy ethyl acrylamide) copolymers: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary blood compatibility in vitro." Int J Biol Macromol 123: 1257-1266.
• Baranwal AK, Singhi SC (2003). Acute iron poisoning: management guidelines. Indian Pediatr 40(6): 534-540.
• Brush DE, Aaron CK (2007). Tricyclic and other cyclic antidepressants. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
• Caner H, Hasipoglu H, Yilmaz O, Yilmaz E (1998). Graft copolymerization of 4- vinylpyridine on to chitosan-1, by ceric ion initiation. Eur. Polym. J. 34: 493–497.
• Caner H, Yilmaz E, Yilmaz O (2007). Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of poly (N-vinylimidazole) grafted chitosan. Carbohydr. Polym. 69:318–325
• Crowl DA, Louvar JF (2001). Chemical process safety: fundamentals with applications Pearson Education.
• Geiger A, Cooper J (2010). Overview of airborne metals regulations, exposure limits, health effects, and contemporary research. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality: Washington, DC, USA.
• Haddad LM, Shannon MW, Winchester JF (1983). Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 3rd Edition.
• Hasipoglu HN, Yilmaz E, Yilmaz O, Caner H (2005). Preparation and characterization of maleic acid grafted chitosan. Int. J. Polym Anal Charact 10: 313–327.
• Järup L (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167-182.
• Prescott LF (1983). Paracetamol overdosage. Pharmacological considerations and clinical managemente. Drugs 25(3): 290-314.
• Yilmaz E, Adali T, Yilmaz O, Bengisu M (2007). Grafting of poly (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) onto chitosan by ceric ion initiation. React Funct Polym 67:10–18.
• Yilmaz E, Yalinca Z, Yahya K, Sirotina U (2016). pH responsive graft copolymers of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 90:68–74.