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PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 04.07.2021

Abstract

Ginkgo biloba L., maidenhair tree, is the only living species in the Ginkgophyta division. Standardized G. biloba extracts is used within the pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as vascular dementia, vascular tinnitus, and toxicological properties. Plant extract contains three different active chemical classes: Flavonoids (kaempferol, meletin, isorhamnetin, etc.), terpenoids (ginkgolides A, B, and C), and ginkgolic acid. In this study, the commercial preparations obtained from the pharmacy were analysed and compared with standard medicine according to their chemical compositions. Chemical analyses were performed by reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Seven commercial products were analyzed and compared with standardized extract contained medicine Tebokan® (Abdi Ibrahim, Turkey) by HPLC. While none of the commercial product was found to be equal to the Tebokan®, only one product was investigated similarly according to the important chemical compounds. Quercetin and Isorhamnetin were evaluated in all samples and the standard as well.

References

  • Biddlestone L, Corbett AD, Dolan S (2007). Oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb-761 inhibits thermal hyperalgesia in rodent models of inflammatory and post-surgical pain. Br J Pharmacol 151(2): 285-291.
  • Boonkaew T, Camper ND (2005). Biological activities of Ginkgo extracts. Phytomedicine 12(4): 318-323.
  • Chan PC, Xia Q, Fu PP (2007). Ginkgo biloba leave extract: biological, medicinal, and toxicological effects. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C 25(3): 211-244.
  • Chen S, Xing XH, Huang JJ, Xu MS (2011). Enzyme-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves: Improvement effect of flavonol transglycosylation catalyzed by Penicillium decumbens cellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 48(1): 100-105.
  • Cheng D, Liang B, Li Y (2013). Antihyperglycemic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Biomed Res Int 2013: 162724.
  • Chermat R, Brochet D, DeFeudis FV, Drieu K (1997). Interactions of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), diazepam and ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate on social behavior of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 56(2): 333- 339.
  • Demirezer LO, Buyukkaya A, Ucakturk E, Kuruuzum-Uz A, Guvenalp Z, et al. (2014). Adulteration Determining of Pharmaceutical Forms of Ginkgo biloba Extracts from Different International Manufacturers. Rec Nat Prod 8(4): 394-400.
  • Dubber MJ, Kanfer I (2006). Determination of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms using HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41(1): 135-140.
  • Dziwenk M, Coppock RW (2021). Ginkgo biloba. In Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A (eds). Nutraceuticals (Second Edition) p. 835-852 Academic Press.
  • Ellnain-Wojtaszek M, Zgórka G (1999). High-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography of phenolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves collected within vegetative period. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 22(10): 1457-1471.
  • Hasler A (2000). Chemical constituents of Ginkgo biloba. In van Beek TA (eds.). Ginkgo biloba p. 142-182 CRC Press.
  • He J, Xie B (2002). Reversed-phase argentation high-performance liquid chromatography in phytochemical analysis of ginkgolic acids in leaves from Ginkgo biloba L. J Chromatogr A 943(2): 303-309.
  • Ihl R, Bachinskaya N, Korczyn AD, Vakhapova V, Tribanek M, et al. (2011). Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(11): 1186-1194.
  • Ihl R, Tribanek M, Bachinskaya N (2012). Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761® in alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 45(2): 41-46.
  • Jaracz S, Malik S, Nakanishi K (2004). Isolation of ginkgolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide from G. biloba extracts. Phytochemistry 65(21): 2897-2902.
  • Liu X, Dong M, Chen X, Jiang M, Lv X, et al. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba. Food chem 105(2): 548-554.
  • Lorenzo JM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Gavahian M, Marszalek K, Es I, et al. (2019). Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value-added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(18): 2879-2895.
  • Medzhitov R (2008). Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454: 428-435.
  • Mohanta TK, Tamboli Y, Zubaidha PK (2014). Phytochemical and medicinal importance of Ginkgo biloba L. Nat Prod Res 28(10): 746-752.
  • Pawle G, Singh SK (2014). Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of an endophytic species of Nigrospora isolated from living fossil Ginkgo biloba. Curr Res Environ Appl Mycol 4(1): 1-9.
  • Pereira E, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR (2013). Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements. Ind Crops Prod 51(2013): 244-248.
  • Rimkiene L, Ivanauskas L, Kubiliene A, Vitkevicius K, Kiliuviene G, et al. (2015). Optimization of a CUPRAC-based HPLC post column assay and its applications for Ginkgo biloba L. extracts. J Anal Methods Chem 2015.
  • Sasaki K, Wada K, Haga M (2003). Chemistry and biological activities of Ginkgo biloba. Studies in natural products chemistry 28(1): 165-198.
  • Scholtyssek H, Damerau W, Wessel R, Schimke I (1997). Antioxidative activity of ginkgolides against superoxide in an aprotic environment. Chem Biol Interact 106(3): 183-190.
  • Spence KE, Jane J (1999). Chemical and physical properties of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) starch. Carbohydr Polym 40(4): 261-269.
  • Strømgaard K, Nakanishi K (2004). Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43(13): 1640-1658.
  • Tallevi SG, Kurz WGW (1991). Detection of ginkgolides by thin-layer chromatography. J Nat Prod 54(2): 624-625.
  • Tang Y, Lou F, Wang J, Li Y, Zhuang S (2001). Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Phytochemistry 58(8): 1251-1256.
  • Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Rowe A, Munro D, Seele P, et al. (2018). Natural Products for Drug Discovery in the 21st Century: Innovations for Novel Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 19(6): 1578.
  • Uddin G, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS, Shah SQ (2011). Preliminary Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Diospyros lotus Stewar. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10(1): 78-81.
  • Wadsworth TL, Mcdonald TL, Koop DR (2001). Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling pathways involved in the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 62(7): 963-974.
  • Xie H, Wang JR, Yau LF, Liu Y, Liu L, et al. (2014). Quantitative Analysis of the Flavonoid Glycosides and Terpene Trilactones in the Extract of Ginkgo biloba and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity towards Fibril Formation of β-Amyloid Peptide. Molecules 19(4): 4466-4478.
  • Xiong XJ, Liu W, Yang XC, Feng B, Zhang YQ, et al. (2014). Ginkgo biloba extract for essential hypertension: A systemic review. Phytomedicine 21(10): 1131-1136.
  • Yoshikawa T, Naito Y, Kondo M (1999). Ginkgo biloba leaf extract: review of biological actions and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 1(4): 469-480.
Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 04.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • Biddlestone L, Corbett AD, Dolan S (2007). Oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb-761 inhibits thermal hyperalgesia in rodent models of inflammatory and post-surgical pain. Br J Pharmacol 151(2): 285-291.
  • Boonkaew T, Camper ND (2005). Biological activities of Ginkgo extracts. Phytomedicine 12(4): 318-323.
  • Chan PC, Xia Q, Fu PP (2007). Ginkgo biloba leave extract: biological, medicinal, and toxicological effects. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C 25(3): 211-244.
  • Chen S, Xing XH, Huang JJ, Xu MS (2011). Enzyme-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves: Improvement effect of flavonol transglycosylation catalyzed by Penicillium decumbens cellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 48(1): 100-105.
  • Cheng D, Liang B, Li Y (2013). Antihyperglycemic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Biomed Res Int 2013: 162724.
  • Chermat R, Brochet D, DeFeudis FV, Drieu K (1997). Interactions of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), diazepam and ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate on social behavior of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 56(2): 333- 339.
  • Demirezer LO, Buyukkaya A, Ucakturk E, Kuruuzum-Uz A, Guvenalp Z, et al. (2014). Adulteration Determining of Pharmaceutical Forms of Ginkgo biloba Extracts from Different International Manufacturers. Rec Nat Prod 8(4): 394-400.
  • Dubber MJ, Kanfer I (2006). Determination of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms using HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41(1): 135-140.
  • Dziwenk M, Coppock RW (2021). Ginkgo biloba. In Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A (eds). Nutraceuticals (Second Edition) p. 835-852 Academic Press.
  • Ellnain-Wojtaszek M, Zgórka G (1999). High-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography of phenolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves collected within vegetative period. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 22(10): 1457-1471.
  • Hasler A (2000). Chemical constituents of Ginkgo biloba. In van Beek TA (eds.). Ginkgo biloba p. 142-182 CRC Press.
  • He J, Xie B (2002). Reversed-phase argentation high-performance liquid chromatography in phytochemical analysis of ginkgolic acids in leaves from Ginkgo biloba L. J Chromatogr A 943(2): 303-309.
  • Ihl R, Bachinskaya N, Korczyn AD, Vakhapova V, Tribanek M, et al. (2011). Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(11): 1186-1194.
  • Ihl R, Tribanek M, Bachinskaya N (2012). Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761® in alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 45(2): 41-46.
  • Jaracz S, Malik S, Nakanishi K (2004). Isolation of ginkgolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide from G. biloba extracts. Phytochemistry 65(21): 2897-2902.
  • Liu X, Dong M, Chen X, Jiang M, Lv X, et al. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba. Food chem 105(2): 548-554.
  • Lorenzo JM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Gavahian M, Marszalek K, Es I, et al. (2019). Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value-added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(18): 2879-2895.
  • Medzhitov R (2008). Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454: 428-435.
  • Mohanta TK, Tamboli Y, Zubaidha PK (2014). Phytochemical and medicinal importance of Ginkgo biloba L. Nat Prod Res 28(10): 746-752.
  • Pawle G, Singh SK (2014). Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of an endophytic species of Nigrospora isolated from living fossil Ginkgo biloba. Curr Res Environ Appl Mycol 4(1): 1-9.
  • Pereira E, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR (2013). Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements. Ind Crops Prod 51(2013): 244-248.
  • Rimkiene L, Ivanauskas L, Kubiliene A, Vitkevicius K, Kiliuviene G, et al. (2015). Optimization of a CUPRAC-based HPLC post column assay and its applications for Ginkgo biloba L. extracts. J Anal Methods Chem 2015.
  • Sasaki K, Wada K, Haga M (2003). Chemistry and biological activities of Ginkgo biloba. Studies in natural products chemistry 28(1): 165-198.
  • Scholtyssek H, Damerau W, Wessel R, Schimke I (1997). Antioxidative activity of ginkgolides against superoxide in an aprotic environment. Chem Biol Interact 106(3): 183-190.
  • Spence KE, Jane J (1999). Chemical and physical properties of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) starch. Carbohydr Polym 40(4): 261-269.
  • Strømgaard K, Nakanishi K (2004). Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43(13): 1640-1658.
  • Tallevi SG, Kurz WGW (1991). Detection of ginkgolides by thin-layer chromatography. J Nat Prod 54(2): 624-625.
  • Tang Y, Lou F, Wang J, Li Y, Zhuang S (2001). Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Phytochemistry 58(8): 1251-1256.
  • Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Rowe A, Munro D, Seele P, et al. (2018). Natural Products for Drug Discovery in the 21st Century: Innovations for Novel Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 19(6): 1578.
  • Uddin G, Rauf A, Siddiqui BS, Shah SQ (2011). Preliminary Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Diospyros lotus Stewar. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10(1): 78-81.
  • Wadsworth TL, Mcdonald TL, Koop DR (2001). Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling pathways involved in the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 62(7): 963-974.
  • Xie H, Wang JR, Yau LF, Liu Y, Liu L, et al. (2014). Quantitative Analysis of the Flavonoid Glycosides and Terpene Trilactones in the Extract of Ginkgo biloba and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity towards Fibril Formation of β-Amyloid Peptide. Molecules 19(4): 4466-4478.
  • Xiong XJ, Liu W, Yang XC, Feng B, Zhang YQ, et al. (2014). Ginkgo biloba extract for essential hypertension: A systemic review. Phytomedicine 21(10): 1131-1136.
  • Yoshikawa T, Naito Y, Kondo M (1999). Ginkgo biloba leaf extract: review of biological actions and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 1(4): 469-480.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Haleh Piri This is me

Beste Atli This is me

Nesrin Oztinen This is me

Ezgi Ak-sakalli This is me

Muberra Kosar

Publication Date July 4, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Piri, H., Atli, B., Oztinen, N., Ak-sakalli, E., et al. (2021). PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(1), 1-9.
AMA Piri H, Atli B, Oztinen N, Ak-sakalli E, Kosar M. PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD. EMUJPharmSci. July 2021;4(1):1-9.
Chicago Piri, Haleh, Beste Atli, Nesrin Oztinen, Ezgi Ak-sakalli, and Muberra Kosar. “PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 1 (July 2021): 1-9.
EndNote Piri H, Atli B, Oztinen N, Ak-sakalli E, Kosar M (July 1, 2021) PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 1 1–9.
IEEE H. Piri, B. Atli, N. Oztinen, E. Ak-sakalli, and M. Kosar, “PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD”, EMUJPharmSci, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2021.
ISNAD Piri, Haleh et al. “PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4/1 (July 2021), 1-9.
JAMA Piri H, Atli B, Oztinen N, Ak-sakalli E, Kosar M. PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD. EMUJPharmSci. 2021;4:1–9.
MLA Piri, Haleh et al. “PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-9.
Vancouver Piri H, Atli B, Oztinen N, Ak-sakalli E, Kosar M. PHYTOEQUIVALENCY OF GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS: PHARMACOPOEIAL METHOD. EMUJPharmSci. 2021;4(1):1-9.