İŞSİZ BİREYLERİN İŞ ARAMA SÜRESİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bireylerin iş arama sürelerini etkileyen sosyo-demografik faktörler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, Türkiye’de 2023 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Veri Setinden verisi tam olan 21561 kişi araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken halen iş arayan bireylerin iş arama süreleri iken; ekonometrik yöntem olarak çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler ise; cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, medeni durum ve yaşanılan bölge değişkenleridir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim seviyesi ve yaşanılan bölge değişkenlerinin iş arama süresi üzerinde %1 anlamlılık seviyesinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İş arayanların yaşındaki artışın, iş arama süresinde artışa neden olduğu ve kadınların iş arama süresinin erkeklere göre daha uzun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Evlilerin iş arama süresinin bekârlara göre daha kısa olduğu tespit edilirken; eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe bireylerin iş arama sürelerinin uzadığı görülmektedir. Bölgeler açısından bakıldığında; TR7 (Orta Anadolu) referans alındığında; TR1 (İstanbul), TR2 (Batı Marmara), TR3 (Ege), TR4 (Doğu Marmara) ve TR5’de (Batı Anadolu) işsizlerin iş arama süresi anlamlı şekilde daha kısa iken; TR8 (Batı Karadeniz), TR9 (Doğu Karadeniz), TRA (Kuzeydoğu Anadolu) ve TRB (Ortadoğu Anadolu)’de iş arama süresinin TR7’ye göre anlamlı şekilde daha uzun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların işgücü piyasasının işleyişini anlamak ve işsizlere yönelik istihdam politikaları geliştirmek açısından önemli olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• işsizlik
• iş arama
• rezervasyon ücreti
• Türkiye

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF JOB SEARCH DURATION AMONG UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS

Öz

This study examines the socio-demographic factors that affect how long it takes individuals to find a job. The research uses data from the Turkish Statistical Institute's (TurkStat) 2023 Household Labour Force Survey micro-dataset, which includes information on 21561 individuals. The dependent variable is job search duration for individuals currently seeking employment, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed as the econometric method. The independent variables are gender, age, education level, marital status and region of residence. The findings indicate that job search duration is significantly affected by age, gender, marital status, education level and region of residence at the 1% significance level. It was found that an increase in the age of job seekers leads to a longer job search duration and that women have longer job search durations than men. While married individuals were found to have shorter job search durations than single individuals, job search durations were found to increase with higher levels of education. Using TR7 (Central Anatolia) as the reference, job search durations for the unemployed were found to be significantly shorter in TR1 (Istanbul), TR2 (West Marmara), TR3 (Aegean), TR4 (East Marmara) and TR5 (West Anatolia), but significantly longer in TR8 (West Black Sea), TR9 (East Black Sea), TRA (Northeast Anatolia) and TRB (Central East Anatolia). The findings of this study are significant for understanding how the labour market functions and for developing employment policies for the unemployed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unemployment
• Job Search
• Reservation Wage
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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