Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations

Lokman Yünlü; Burak Cinoğlu; Mehmet Gökbayrak

doi:10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765

Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the differences and deviations between theoretical engineering calculations and numerical results obtained from finite element analyses for S235JR steel, which is widely used in structural and mechanical engineering applications. Tensile, torsional, and three-point bending loading conditions were considered. The loading cases were modeled using the finite element software ABAQUS and ANSYS. The numerical results were compared with reference values calculated using classical engineering equations. Because S235JR steel is widely used in engineering designs, examining the consistency between theoretical calculations and numerical results obtained from different software environments is important for both academic research and engineering practice. For this purpose, specimen geometries, material properties, boundary conditions, and loading types were defined identically in both software programs. This approach ensured that the observed differences mainly resulted from solution algorithms and numerical formulations rather than modeling choices. Key parameters that directly affect the analysis results, such as mesh density, element type, and solver selection, were carefully controlled. Stress distributions, deformation behavior, and maximum displacement values were evaluated separately for ABAQUS and ANSYS and compared with theoretical calculations. The results indicate that the deviations between theoretical and numerical outputs vary between approximately 1% and 10%, depending on the type of test. Overall, the numerical results show good agreement with theoretical predictions. However, small but measurable differences were observed due to software-specific numerical approaches. These findings demonstrate that a comparative numerical analysis approach supported by theoretical calculations is effective for validating finite element models and obtaining reliable results in engineering applications.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Authors approve that to the best of their knowledge, there is not any conflict of interest or common interest with an institution/organization or a person that may affect the review process of the paper.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Material Design and Behaviors, Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation, Materials Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Lokman Yünlü ^*
0000-0003-1625-995X
Türkiye

Burak Cinoğlu
0009-0001-6566-7215
Türkiye

Mehmet Gökbayrak
0000-0001-7519-4071
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

October 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 5 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA37PP93JM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yünlü, L., Cinoğlu, B., & Gökbayrak, M. (2025). Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations. Engineering Perspective, 5(4), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765

AMA

1.Yünlü L, Cinoğlu B, Gökbayrak M. Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations. engineeringperspective. 2025;5(4):223-233. doi:10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765

Chicago

Yünlü, Lokman, Burak Cinoğlu, and Mehmet Gökbayrak. 2025. “Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations”. Engineering Perspective 5 (4): 223-33. https://doi.org/10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765.

EndNote

Yünlü L, Cinoğlu B, Gökbayrak M (December 1, 2025) Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations. Engineering Perspective 5 4 223–233.

IEEE

[1]L. Yünlü, B. Cinoğlu, and M. Gökbayrak, “Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations”, engineeringperspective, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 223–233, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765.

ISNAD

Yünlü, Lokman - Cinoğlu, Burak - Gökbayrak, Mehmet. “Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations”. Engineering Perspective 5/4 (December 1, 2025): 223-233. https://doi.org/10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765.

JAMA

1.Yünlü L, Cinoğlu B, Gökbayrak M. Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations. engineeringperspective. 2025;5:223–233.

MLA

Yünlü, Lokman, et al. “Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations”. Engineering Perspective, vol. 5, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 223-3, doi:10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765.

Vancouver

1.Lokman Yünlü, Burak Cinoğlu, Mehmet Gökbayrak. Verification of the Mechanical Behavior of S235JR Steel Using Finite Element Analysis Approach and Theoretical Engineering Calculations. engineeringperspective. 2025 Dec. 1;5(4):223-3. doi:10.64808/engineeringperspective.1813765

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https://doi.org/10.64808/engineeringperspective.1771169