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Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 221 - 228, 13.07.2011

Abstract

The effect of starvation on lipid, total sugar and glycogen contents of braconid species, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was examined under laboratory conditions. Adults of B. hebetor were starved for up to ten days. Lipid concentration in female and male parasitoids declined consistently throughout the starvation period when compared with the other nutrient reserves. In females a mild decline in total sugar levels followed emergence and continued through the fifth days of life. On subsequent days females had more or less a stable level of total sugar with slight oscillations. In males, total sugar concentration decreased at the beginning of starvation and remained constant over starvation period. The glycogen reserves of female and male parasitoids that had been starved for ten days reached a peak in 24 h and then declined slightly during experimental period.

References

  • Arrese, E. L. & J. L. Soulages, 2010. Insect fat body: energy metabolism, and regulation. Annual Review of Entomology, 55: 207-225.
  • Auerswald, L. & G. Gäde, 2000. Metabolicchanges in the African fruit beetle, Pachnoda sinuata, during starvation. Journal of Insect Physiology, 46: 343-351.
  • Baker, J. E. & J. A. Fabrick, 2000. Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 30 (10): 937-946.
  • Benson, J. F., 1973. Intraspecific competition in the population dynamics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Animal Ecology, 42: 105-124.
  • Brower, J. H. & J. W. Press, 1990. Interaction of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in suppressing stored-product moth populations in small inshell peanut storages. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1096-1101.
  • Chaudhary, K. D., R. Bernard & A. Lemonde, 1964. Effects of starvation on the larval body compositon and phosphorus metabolism in Tribolium confusum Duval. Archives Internationales de Physiologie, de Biochimie et de Biophysique, 72: 17-31.
  • Darwish, E., M. El-Shazly & H. El- Sherif, 2003. The choice of probing sites by Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) foraging for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (3): 265-276.
  • Downer, R. G. H., 1981. “Physiological and Environmental Considerations in Insect Bioenergetics, 1-17. In: Energy Metabolism in Insects. (Ed. R.G.H. Downer). Plenum Press, New York, 244pp.
  • Downer, R. G. H. & J. R. Matthews, 1976. Patterns of lipid distribution and utilization in insects. American Zoologist, 16: 733-745.
  • Ellers, J., 1996. Fat and eggs: an alternative method to measure the tradeoff between survival and reproduction in insect parasitoids. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 46: 227-235.
  • England, S. & E. W. Evans, 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology, 26: 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y. & G. E. Heimpel, 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94: 909-916.
  • Giron, D. & J. Casas, 2003. Lipogenesis in an adult parasitic wasp. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 141-147.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 28: 275-282.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel & Ö. V. Işıtan, 2008. İki konukçu türün, larva ektoparazitoiti Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’da protein, lipit ve glikojen miktarlarına etkisi. Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 32: 33-42.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2010. Protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 243-248.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel, Ö. V. Işıtan, A. Boz & Ö. Cesur, 2010. Effects of sugar feeding on lipid, glycogen, and total sugar levels of a female parasitoid, Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34: 343-347.
  • Heimpel, G. E., J. A. Rosenheim & D. Kattari, 1997. Adult feeding and lifetime reproductive success in the parasitoid Aphytis melinus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83: 305-315.
  • Hogervorst, P. A. M., F.L. Wäckers & J. Romeis, 2007. Effect of honeydew sugar composition on the longevity of Aphidius ervi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 122: 223-232.
  • Jervis, M. A. & N. A. C. Kidd, 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Kapranas, A. & R. F. Luck, 2008. Egg maturation, host feeding, and longevity in two Metaphycus parasitoids of soft scale insects. Biological Control, 47: 147-153.
  • Landau, S. & B. S. Everitt, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C., 354 pp.
  • Lee, J. C., G. E. Heimpel & G. L. Leibee, 2004. Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111: 189-199.
  • Magro, S. R., A. B. Dias, W. R. Terra & J. R. P. Parra, 2006. Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Neotropical Entomology, 35: 215-222.
  • Marron, M. T., T. A. Markow, K. J. Kain & A. G. Gibbs, 2003. Effects of starvation and desiccation on energy metabolism in desert and mesic Drosophila. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 261-270.
  • Milonas, P. G., 2005. Influence of initial egg density and host size on the development of the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor on three different host species. Biological Control, 50: 415-428.
  • Morales-Ramos, J. A., M. G. Rojas & E. G. King, 1996. Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 89: 555-563.
  • Newton, C. J., 1954. Effects of starvation on composition of Japanese beetle larvae (Popillia japonica Newman). The American Naturalist, 85: 337-352.
  • Olson, D. M. & D. A. Andow, 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27: 508-514.
  • Olson, D. M., H. Fadamiro, J. G. Lundgren & G. E. Heimpel, 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25: 17-26.
  • Rivero, A. & J. Casas, 1999. Incorporating physiology into parasitoid behavioral ecology: the allocation of nutritional resources. Researches on Population Ecology, 41: 39-45.
  • Rivero, A. & S. A. West, 2002. The physiological costs of being small in a parasitic wasp. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4: 407-420.
  • Satake, S., Y. Kawabe & A. Mizoguchi, 2000. Carbohydrate metabolism during starvation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 44: 90-98.
  • Stockhoff, B. A., 1991. Starvation resistance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae): tradeoffs among growth, body size and survival. Oecologia, 88: 422-429.
  • Thompson, S. N., 1999. Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 44: 561-592.
  • Taylor, A. D., 1988. Host effects on larval competition in the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57: 163-172.
  • Van Handel, E., 1985. Rapid determination of total lipids in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 302-304.
  • Visser, B. & J. Ellers, 2008. Lack of lipogenesis in parasitoids: a review of physiological mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54: 1315-1322.
  • Walker, P. R., L. Hill & E. Bailey, 1970. Feeding activity, respiration and lipid and carbohydrate content of the male desert locus during adult development. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16: 1001-1015.
  • Warburg, M. S. & B. Yuval, 1996. Effects of diet and activity on lipid levels of adult Mediterranean fruit flies. Physiological Entomology, 21: 151-158.
  • Wheeler, D. E. & N. A. Buck, 1992. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate utilization during metamorphosis in the western fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni. Physiological Entomology, 17: 397-403.

Açlık süresince parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un lipit, toplam şeker ve glikojen kompozisyonu

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 221 - 228, 13.07.2011

Abstract

Açlığın, braconid türü, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un lipit, toplam şeker ve glikojen miktarına etkisi laboratuar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. B. hebetor erginleri 10 gün aç bırakılmıştır. Dişi ve erkek parazitoitlerdeki lipit konsantrasyonu açlık süresince diğer besin kaynaklarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, sürekli olarak azalma göstermiştir. Dişilerde, erginleşmeyi takiben toplam şeker seviyesi hafif bir şekilde azalmış ve azalma ergin hayatın ilk beş günü devam etmiştir. Sonraki günlerde dişiler, ufak dalgalanmalara rağmen az çok sabit şeker seviyesine sahip olmuştur. Erkeklerde, toplam şeker konsantrasyonu, açlığın başlangıcında azalmış, daha sonra sabit kalmıştır. On gün aç bırakılan dişi ve erkek parazitoitlerin glikojen kaynakları, ilk 24 saatte bir pik yaptıktan sonra deney periyodu süresince yavaş şekilde azalmıştır.

References

  • Arrese, E. L. & J. L. Soulages, 2010. Insect fat body: energy metabolism, and regulation. Annual Review of Entomology, 55: 207-225.
  • Auerswald, L. & G. Gäde, 2000. Metabolicchanges in the African fruit beetle, Pachnoda sinuata, during starvation. Journal of Insect Physiology, 46: 343-351.
  • Baker, J. E. & J. A. Fabrick, 2000. Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 30 (10): 937-946.
  • Benson, J. F., 1973. Intraspecific competition in the population dynamics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Animal Ecology, 42: 105-124.
  • Brower, J. H. & J. W. Press, 1990. Interaction of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in suppressing stored-product moth populations in small inshell peanut storages. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1096-1101.
  • Chaudhary, K. D., R. Bernard & A. Lemonde, 1964. Effects of starvation on the larval body compositon and phosphorus metabolism in Tribolium confusum Duval. Archives Internationales de Physiologie, de Biochimie et de Biophysique, 72: 17-31.
  • Darwish, E., M. El-Shazly & H. El- Sherif, 2003. The choice of probing sites by Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) foraging for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (3): 265-276.
  • Downer, R. G. H., 1981. “Physiological and Environmental Considerations in Insect Bioenergetics, 1-17. In: Energy Metabolism in Insects. (Ed. R.G.H. Downer). Plenum Press, New York, 244pp.
  • Downer, R. G. H. & J. R. Matthews, 1976. Patterns of lipid distribution and utilization in insects. American Zoologist, 16: 733-745.
  • Ellers, J., 1996. Fat and eggs: an alternative method to measure the tradeoff between survival and reproduction in insect parasitoids. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 46: 227-235.
  • England, S. & E. W. Evans, 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology, 26: 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y. & G. E. Heimpel, 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94: 909-916.
  • Giron, D. & J. Casas, 2003. Lipogenesis in an adult parasitic wasp. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 141-147.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 28: 275-282.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel & Ö. V. Işıtan, 2008. İki konukçu türün, larva ektoparazitoiti Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’da protein, lipit ve glikojen miktarlarına etkisi. Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, 32: 33-42.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2010. Protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 243-248.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel, Ö. V. Işıtan, A. Boz & Ö. Cesur, 2010. Effects of sugar feeding on lipid, glycogen, and total sugar levels of a female parasitoid, Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34: 343-347.
  • Heimpel, G. E., J. A. Rosenheim & D. Kattari, 1997. Adult feeding and lifetime reproductive success in the parasitoid Aphytis melinus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83: 305-315.
  • Hogervorst, P. A. M., F.L. Wäckers & J. Romeis, 2007. Effect of honeydew sugar composition on the longevity of Aphidius ervi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 122: 223-232.
  • Jervis, M. A. & N. A. C. Kidd, 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Kapranas, A. & R. F. Luck, 2008. Egg maturation, host feeding, and longevity in two Metaphycus parasitoids of soft scale insects. Biological Control, 47: 147-153.
  • Landau, S. & B. S. Everitt, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C., 354 pp.
  • Lee, J. C., G. E. Heimpel & G. L. Leibee, 2004. Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111: 189-199.
  • Magro, S. R., A. B. Dias, W. R. Terra & J. R. P. Parra, 2006. Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Neotropical Entomology, 35: 215-222.
  • Marron, M. T., T. A. Markow, K. J. Kain & A. G. Gibbs, 2003. Effects of starvation and desiccation on energy metabolism in desert and mesic Drosophila. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 261-270.
  • Milonas, P. G., 2005. Influence of initial egg density and host size on the development of the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor on three different host species. Biological Control, 50: 415-428.
  • Morales-Ramos, J. A., M. G. Rojas & E. G. King, 1996. Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 89: 555-563.
  • Newton, C. J., 1954. Effects of starvation on composition of Japanese beetle larvae (Popillia japonica Newman). The American Naturalist, 85: 337-352.
  • Olson, D. M. & D. A. Andow, 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27: 508-514.
  • Olson, D. M., H. Fadamiro, J. G. Lundgren & G. E. Heimpel, 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25: 17-26.
  • Rivero, A. & J. Casas, 1999. Incorporating physiology into parasitoid behavioral ecology: the allocation of nutritional resources. Researches on Population Ecology, 41: 39-45.
  • Rivero, A. & S. A. West, 2002. The physiological costs of being small in a parasitic wasp. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4: 407-420.
  • Satake, S., Y. Kawabe & A. Mizoguchi, 2000. Carbohydrate metabolism during starvation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 44: 90-98.
  • Stockhoff, B. A., 1991. Starvation resistance of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae): tradeoffs among growth, body size and survival. Oecologia, 88: 422-429.
  • Thompson, S. N., 1999. Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 44: 561-592.
  • Taylor, A. D., 1988. Host effects on larval competition in the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57: 163-172.
  • Van Handel, E., 1985. Rapid determination of total lipids in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 302-304.
  • Visser, B. & J. Ellers, 2008. Lack of lipogenesis in parasitoids: a review of physiological mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54: 1315-1322.
  • Walker, P. R., L. Hill & E. Bailey, 1970. Feeding activity, respiration and lipid and carbohydrate content of the male desert locus during adult development. Journal of Insect Physiology, 16: 1001-1015.
  • Warburg, M. S. & B. Yuval, 1996. Effects of diet and activity on lipid levels of adult Mediterranean fruit flies. Physiological Entomology, 21: 151-158.
  • Wheeler, D. E. & N. A. Buck, 1992. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate utilization during metamorphosis in the western fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni. Physiological Entomology, 17: 397-403.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Eylem Akman Gündüz This is me

Özgür Varer Işıtan

Adem Gülel This is me

Ali Boz This is me

Pelin Polat This is me

Publication Date July 13, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 1 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Akman Gündüz, E., Varer Işıtan, Ö., Gülel, A., Boz, A., et al. (2011). Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1(4), 221-228.
AMA Akman Gündüz E, Varer Işıtan Ö, Gülel A, Boz A, Polat P. Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni. December 2011;1(4):221-228.
Chicago Akman Gündüz, Eylem, Özgür Varer Işıtan, Adem Gülel, Ali Boz, and Pelin Polat. “Lipid, Total Sugar and Glycogen Composition in the Parasitoid, Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) During Starvation”. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni 1, no. 4 (December 2011): 221-28.
EndNote Akman Gündüz E, Varer Işıtan Ö, Gülel A, Boz A, Polat P (December 1, 2011) Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni 1 4 221–228.
IEEE E. Akman Gündüz, Ö. Varer Işıtan, A. Gülel, A. Boz, and P. Polat, “Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation”, Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 221–228, 2011.
ISNAD Akman Gündüz, Eylem et al. “Lipid, Total Sugar and Glycogen Composition in the Parasitoid, Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) During Starvation”. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni 1/4 (December 2011), 221-228.
JAMA Akman Gündüz E, Varer Işıtan Ö, Gülel A, Boz A, Polat P. Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni. 2011;1:221–228.
MLA Akman Gündüz, Eylem et al. “Lipid, Total Sugar and Glycogen Composition in the Parasitoid, Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) During Starvation”. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, vol. 1, no. 4, 2011, pp. 221-8.
Vancouver Akman Gündüz E, Varer Işıtan Ö, Gülel A, Boz A, Polat P. Lipid, total sugar and glycogen composition in the parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during starvation. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni. 2011;1(4):221-8.