Review

Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Volume: 60 Number: 1 June 17, 2026
EN

Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties and mechanical performance of denture base resins incorporating nano-poly (D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers compared to conventional denture base materials.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2017 and 2024. The PICOS framework guided study selection:P: PMMAbased denture base resins; I: PLA/ZnO nanocomposite denture base resins; C: Conventional denture base resins; O: Antimicrobial efficacy, mechanical properties; S: Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and in vitro studies. Studies were screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant data were extracted on study design, interventions, antimicrobial testing, microorganisms tested, mechanical outcomes, and biocompatibility. Quality was assessed using the QUIN tool, and risk of bias was evaluated for each domain.

Results

From an initial 438 records, 11 studies met inclusion criteria and 8 were eligible for quantitative analysis. The included studies demonstrated that PLA/ZnO nanocomposites significantly reduced microbial growth and biofilm formation against common oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli). Higher ZnO concentrations correlated with larger inhibition zones and increased antibacterial efficacy. Mechanical properties, including flexural strength and impact strength, were notably improved in PLA/ZnO composites compared to conventional resins, with flexural strength values reaching up to 103.8 MPa. Biocompatibility assessments indicated minimal cytotoxicity and favourable tissue compatibility, with controlled degradation rates between 2–10% over six months. Quality assessment rated most studies as moderate to good quality, although some risk of bias was present.

Conclusion

PLA/ZnO nanofiller denture base resins exhibit promising antimicrobial properties and enhanced mechanical performance compared to conventional materials. These findings support their potential for improving denture hygiene, durability, and patient outcomes. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm long-term safety and effectiveness

Keywords

Supporting Institution

SRM Dental College And Hospital

Ethical Statement

Cleared

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Prosthodontics

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

June 17, 2026

Submission Date

September 26, 2024

Acceptance Date

March 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 60 Number: 1

APA
Parasrampuria, N., Chander, G., Dasgupta, D., Banerjee, S., & Pal, D. (2026). Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Oral Research, 60(1), 137-153. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251555692
AMA
1.Parasrampuria N, Chander G, Dasgupta D, Banerjee S, Pal D. Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EOR. 2026;60(1):137-153. doi:10.26650/eor.20251555692
Chicago
Parasrampuria, Nikita, Gopi Chander, Dolanchanpa Dasgupta, Saurav Banerjee, and Dipankar Pal. 2026. “Antimicrobial Properties of Nano-Poly (d,l- Lactic Acid) [poly Lactic Acid] and Zinc Oxide Nanofiller Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. European Oral Research 60 (1): 137-53. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251555692.
EndNote
Parasrampuria N, Chander G, Dasgupta D, Banerjee S, Pal D (June 1, 2026) Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Oral Research 60 1 137–153.
IEEE
[1]N. Parasrampuria, G. Chander, D. Dasgupta, S. Banerjee, and D. Pal, “Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, EOR, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 137–153, June 2026, doi: 10.26650/eor.20251555692.
ISNAD
Parasrampuria, Nikita - Chander, Gopi - Dasgupta, Dolanchanpa - Banerjee, Saurav - Pal, Dipankar. “Antimicrobial Properties of Nano-Poly (d,l- Lactic Acid) [poly Lactic Acid] and Zinc Oxide Nanofiller Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. European Oral Research 60/1 (June 1, 2026): 137-153. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251555692.
JAMA
1.Parasrampuria N, Chander G, Dasgupta D, Banerjee S, Pal D. Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EOR. 2026;60:137–153.
MLA
Parasrampuria, Nikita, et al. “Antimicrobial Properties of Nano-Poly (d,l- Lactic Acid) [poly Lactic Acid] and Zinc Oxide Nanofiller Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. European Oral Research, vol. 60, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 137-53, doi:10.26650/eor.20251555692.
Vancouver
1.Nikita Parasrampuria, Gopi Chander, Dolanchanpa Dasgupta, Saurav Banerjee, Dipankar Pal. Antimicrobial properties of nano-poly (d,l- lactic acid) [poly lactic acid] and zinc oxide nanofiller denture base resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EOR. 2026 Jun. 1;60(1):137-53. doi:10.26650/eor.20251555692