The effects of resin infiltration on demineralized root surface: An experimental study

Abstract

Purpose The objective of this experimental invitro study was to investigate the effects of resin infiltration (RI) on surface roughness, microhardness, color and surface characteristics of artificially demineralized root surfaces. Materials and Methods Forty-two root specimens prepared from freshly extracted intact human upper incisors were subjected to surface roughness, microhardness, and color tests. Profilometer was used to measure surface roughness and Vicker’s Hardness tester was used to measure the changes in microhardness. The color measurements were performed by a spectrophotometer using the CIELAB parameters. Following measurements, specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=14): G1: intact root surfaces, G2: demineralized root surfaces and G3: Resin infiltrated root surfaces (Icon, DMG) following demineralization. Surface roughness, microhardness and color measurements were repeated in G2 and G3 after demineralization and RI. One specimen from each group was examined by SEM. Data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). Results Application of RI to artificially demineralized root surfaces significantly decreased the surface roughness (p<0.001) and increased the microhardness (p=0.023). RI also affected the color of demineralized root surfaces. SEM examinations revealed that the porosities on demineralized root surfaces seemed to be sealed after RI. Conclusion RI affected the surface roughness, microhardness, color and surface appearance of artificially demineralized root surfaces.

Keywords

• Resin infiltration
• root surface caries
• microhardness of root surface
• roughness of root surface
• color of root surface

References

1. References 1. Arthur RA, Martins VB, de Oliveira CL, Leitune VC, Collares FM, Magalhaes AC, et al. Effect of over-the-counter fluoridated products regimens on root caries inhibition. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(10):1588-94.
2. 2. Griffin SO, Griffin PM, Swann JL, Zlobin N. Estimating rates of new root caries in older adults. J Dent Res. 2004;83(8):634-8.
3. 3. Banting DW, Papas A, Clark DC, Proskin HM, Schultz M, Perry R. The effectiveness of 10% chlorhexidine varnish treatment on dental caries incidence in adults with dry mouth. Gerodontology. 2000;17(2):67-76.
4. 4. Burgess JO, Gallo JR. Treating root-surface caries. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(2):385-404, vii-viii.
5. 5. Rolland SL, Walls AW, McCabe JF, German MJ. Use of micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate hybrid layer quality in demineralized root dentine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010;95(1):62-8.
6. 6. Ma S, Imazato S, Chen JH, Mayanagi G, Takahashi N, Ishimoto T, et al. Effects of a coating resin containing S-PRG filler to prevent demineralization of root surfaces. Dent Mater J. 2012;31(6):909-15. 7. Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J. 2012;62(5):223-43.
7. 8. Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Mueller J, Hummel M, Kielbassa AM. Progression of sealed initial bovine enamel lesions under demineralizing conditions in vitro. Caries Res. 2006;40(2):124-9.
8. 9. Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Kielbassa AM. Resin infiltration of natural caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2007;86(7):662-6.

9. 10. Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S, Kielbassa AM. Surface layer erosion of natural caries lesions with phosphoric and hydrochloric acid gels in preparation for resin infiltration. Caries Res. 2007;41(3):223-30.
10. 11. Altarabulsi MB, Alkilzy M, Splieth CH. Clinical applicability of resin infiltration for proximal caries. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(2):97-104.
11. 12. Paris S, Bitter K, Naumann M, Dorfer CE, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions differing in ICDAS codes. Eur J Oral Sci. 2011;119(2):182-6.
12. 13. Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H. Inhibition of caries progression by resin infiltration in situ. Caries Res. 2010;44(1):47-54.
13. 14. Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Gupta M, Josan R. Caries infiltration of noncavitated white spot lesions: A novel approach for immediate esthetic improvement. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012;3(Suppl 2):S199-202.
14. 15. (CIE) CIdLE. Recommendations on Uniform Colour Spaces, Colour-Difference Equations, Psychometric Colour Terms. 1978.
15. 16. Gohring TN, Zehnder M, Sener B, Schmidlin PR. In vitro microleakage of adhesive-sealed dentin with lactic acid and saliva exposure: a radio-isotope analysis. J Dent. 2004;32(3):235-40.
16. 17. ten Cate JM, Duijsters PP. Influence of fluoride in solution on tooth demineralization. II. Microradiographic data. Caries Res. 1983;17(6):513-9.
17. 18. ten Cate JM, Duijsters PP. Influence of fluoride in solution on tooth demineralization. I. Chemical data. Caries Res. 1983;17(3):193-9.
18. 19. Walter R, Duarte WR, Pereira PN, Swift EJ, Jr., Heymann HO, Arnold RR. Effect of resin adhesive systems on root caries formation in vitro. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(1):33-7.
19. 20. Kaneshiro AV, Imazato S, Ebisu S, Tanaka S, Tanaka Y, Sano H. Effects of a self-etching resin coating system to prevent demineralization of root surfaces. Dent Mater. 2008;24(10):1420-7.
20. 21. Gernhardt CR, Koravu T, Gerlach R, Schaller HG. The influence of dentin adhesives on the demineralization of irradiated and non-irradiated human root dentin. Oper Dent. 2004;29(4):454-61.
21. 22. Kielbassa AM, Ulrich I, Schmidl R, Schuller C, Frank W, Werth VD. Resin infiltration of deproteinised natural occlusal subsurface lesions improves initial quality of fissure sealing. Int J Oral Sci. 2017;9(2):117-24.
22. 23. Aswani R, Chandrappa V, Uloopi KS, Chandrasekhar R, RojaRamya KS. Resin Infiltration of Artificial Enamel Lesions: Evaluation of Penetration Depth, Surface Roughness and Color Stability. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(6):520-3.
23. 24. Zhou Y, Matin K, Shimada Y, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Evaluation of resin infiltration on demineralized root surface: An in vitro study. Dent Mater J. 2017;36(2):195-204.
24. 25. Mueller J, Yang F, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Surface tridimensional topography analysis of materials and finishing procedures after resinous infiltration of subsurface bovine enamel lesions. Quintessence Int. 2011;42(2):135-47.
25. 26. Torres CR, Rosa PC, Ferreira NS, Borges AB. Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Oper Dent. 2012;37(4):363-9.
26. 27. Askar H, Lausch J, Dorfer CE, Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S. Penetration of micro-filled infiltrant resins into artificial caries lesions. J Dent. 2015;43(7):832-8.
27. 28. Yim HK, Min JH, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Modification of surface pretreatment of white spot lesions to improve the safety and efficacy of resin infiltration. Korean J Orthod. 2014;44(4):195-202.
28. 29. Paris S, Schwendicke F, Seddig S, Muller WD, Dorfer C, Meyer-Lueckel H. Micro-hardness and mineral loss of enamel lesions after infiltration with various resins: influence of infiltrant composition and application frequency in vitro. J Dent. 2013;41(6):543-8.
29. 30. Tostes MA, Santos E, Jr., Camargo SA, Jr. Effect of resin infiltration on the nanomechanical properties of demineralized bovine enamel. Indian J Dent. 2014;5(3):116-22.
30. 31. Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A. Influence of UEDMA BisGMA and TEGDMA on selected mechanical properties of experimental resin composites. Dent Mater. 1998;14(1):51-6.
31. 32. Van Meerbeek B, Willems G, Celis JP, Roos JR, Braem M, Lambrechts P, et al. Assessment by nano-indentation of the hardness and elasticity of the resin-dentin bonding area. J Dent Res. 1993;72(10):1434-42.
32. 33. Manoharan V, Arun Kumar S, Arumugam SB, Anand V, Krishnamoorthy S, Methippara JJ. Is Resin Infiltration a Microinvasive Approach to White Lesions of Calcified Tooth Structures?: A Systemic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(1):53-8.
33. 34. Abbas BA, Marzouk ES, Zaher AR. Treatment of various degrees of white spot lesions using resin infiltration-in vitro study. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):27.
34. 35. Croll TP, Killian CM, Miller AS. Effect of enamel microabrasion compound on human gingiva: report of a case. Quintessence Int. 1990;21(12):959-63.