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Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women

Year 2019, Volume: 53 Issue: 2, 62 - 66, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484

Abstract

Purpose Understanding how increased level of salivary cortisol contributes to the development of dental biofilm during pregnancy can help inthe prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between salivary cortisol level and dental biofilm formation in pregnant women. Patients and Methods This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Hamadan, Iran in 2011. Forty consecutive pregnant women with no history of abortion, stillbirth, or any known physical or psychological disorders at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were included. Salivary samples were collected for measurement of cortisol levels by Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The amount and extension of dental biofilms were determined by using a disclosing agent. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS version 16. Results The mean levels of salivary cortisol at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were respectively, 2.45 ± 1.56 µg/dl and 5.24 ± 4.07 µg/dl which demonstrates a significant difference (P<0.001). Evaluation of dental biofilm at two time intervals revealed a significant increase in amount of dental biofilm at week 33 of gestational period (34.65 ± 10.9% vs. 42.45 ± 12.35%, P<0.001). Elevated levels of dental biofilm were significantly correlated with salivary cortisol levels at week 33 (r=0.494, P=0.001),however, it was not significant at week 25 of gestation (r=0.148, P=0.361). Conclusion The findings suggested that increased levels of salivary cortisol can predict dental biofilm formation and accumulation in pregnant women in the last weeks of gestation.

References

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  • 2. Cunnigham FG,Leveno KJ,Bloom SL, Hauth JC,Rouse DJ,Spong CY.Willams Obstetrics. 24th Ed. Mc Graw Hill Medical, New York; 2014. P.36-45.
  • 3. Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Martin C, Tobias A, Herrera D. Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(5):457-73. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Mein L, Schmiot G, Martin C, Neumann I. Maternal cortisol in late pregnancy and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal reactivity to psychosocial stress postpartum in women. Stress 2010;13(2):16371. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Khanna S , Shalini M . Pregnancy and oral health: forgotten territory revisited. Obstet Gynecol India 2010;60(2):123. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000 2002;28:12-55. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Williams RC. Periodontal disease. N Engl J Med 1990;322:373382. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Morse DR, Schacterle GR, Furst ML, Goldberg J, Greenspan B, Swiecinski D, et al. The effect of stress and meditation on salivary protein and bacteria: A review and pilot study. J Hum Stress 1982;8:31-9. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12th Ed. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70.
  • 10. Kandemir S, Oksan T, Alpoz A, Ergezer G, Salivary cortisol levels in children during dental treatment. J marmara univ dent fac 1997;2(4):639-42.
  • 11. Rai k, Hedge A, Shetti S. Estimation of salivary cortisol in children with rampant caries. J clin pediater 2010;34(3):249-52. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Fernando N, Juliano B, denis R, Tonantzin R, Josiane p , Maria D. Chronic stress, depression and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50years and older, psychology institute 2007;77(6):1008-1013.
  • 13. Johanson A, Rylander G, Soder B. Asberg A. Dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and elevated levels of interleukin -6 and cortisol in gingival cervicular fluid from women with stress-related depression and exhaustion. J periodontal 2006;77(8):1403-9. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Kambalimath HV,Dixit VB,Tyyagi PS. Salivary cortisol response to psychological stress in children with early childhood caries. Indian dent res 2010;21(2):231-7. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12thEd. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70.
  • 16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56(6):893-7. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Katie T, Kivlighan A, Janet A, Kathleen A, Markl. Diurnal rhythm of cortisol during late pregnancy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008;33:1225-1235. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Mona Basker, Prabhakar D Moses, Sushila Russell, and Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell. The psychometric properties of beck depression inventory for adolescent depression in a primary-care paediatric setting in India. Child Adolesc Psychiatry ment Health 2007;1:8. Published online 2007, August 9. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Navazesh M. How can oral health care provides determine if patient have dry mouth. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134(5):613-20. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Anna A, Echeverría A, Carolina M. Periodontitis and pregnancyAssociation between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm or low birth weight: Review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(9):609-15.
  • 21. Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, Bandeira DR, Gonçalves TR, Pawlowski Jet al. Chronic stress, depression, and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50 years and older. J Periodontol 2006;77(6):100814. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Raul I, Garcia A, Michellem H. Henshaw C, Elizabeth A. Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health. J periodontology 2001;25(1):21-36. [CrossRef]
Year 2019, Volume: 53 Issue: 2, 62 - 66, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484

Abstract

References

  • 1. Barak S, Oettinger S, Barak O, Oetinger M. Common oral manifestations during pregnancy. A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003;58(9):624-8. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Cunnigham FG,Leveno KJ,Bloom SL, Hauth JC,Rouse DJ,Spong CY.Willams Obstetrics. 24th Ed. Mc Graw Hill Medical, New York; 2014. P.36-45.
  • 3. Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Martin C, Tobias A, Herrera D. Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(5):457-73. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Mein L, Schmiot G, Martin C, Neumann I. Maternal cortisol in late pregnancy and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal reactivity to psychosocial stress postpartum in women. Stress 2010;13(2):16371. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Khanna S , Shalini M . Pregnancy and oral health: forgotten territory revisited. Obstet Gynecol India 2010;60(2):123. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000 2002;28:12-55. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Williams RC. Periodontal disease. N Engl J Med 1990;322:373382. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Morse DR, Schacterle GR, Furst ML, Goldberg J, Greenspan B, Swiecinski D, et al. The effect of stress and meditation on salivary protein and bacteria: A review and pilot study. J Hum Stress 1982;8:31-9. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12th Ed. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70.
  • 10. Kandemir S, Oksan T, Alpoz A, Ergezer G, Salivary cortisol levels in children during dental treatment. J marmara univ dent fac 1997;2(4):639-42.
  • 11. Rai k, Hedge A, Shetti S. Estimation of salivary cortisol in children with rampant caries. J clin pediater 2010;34(3):249-52. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Fernando N, Juliano B, denis R, Tonantzin R, Josiane p , Maria D. Chronic stress, depression and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50years and older, psychology institute 2007;77(6):1008-1013.
  • 13. Johanson A, Rylander G, Soder B. Asberg A. Dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and elevated levels of interleukin -6 and cortisol in gingival cervicular fluid from women with stress-related depression and exhaustion. J periodontal 2006;77(8):1403-9. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Kambalimath HV,Dixit VB,Tyyagi PS. Salivary cortisol response to psychological stress in children with early childhood caries. Indian dent res 2010;21(2):231-7. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12thEd. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70.
  • 16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56(6):893-7. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Katie T, Kivlighan A, Janet A, Kathleen A, Markl. Diurnal rhythm of cortisol during late pregnancy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008;33:1225-1235. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Mona Basker, Prabhakar D Moses, Sushila Russell, and Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell. The psychometric properties of beck depression inventory for adolescent depression in a primary-care paediatric setting in India. Child Adolesc Psychiatry ment Health 2007;1:8. Published online 2007, August 9. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Navazesh M. How can oral health care provides determine if patient have dry mouth. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134(5):613-20. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Anna A, Echeverría A, Carolina M. Periodontitis and pregnancyAssociation between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm or low birth weight: Review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(9):609-15.
  • 21. Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, Bandeira DR, Gonçalves TR, Pawlowski Jet al. Chronic stress, depression, and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50 years and older. J Periodontol 2006;77(6):100814. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Raul I, Garcia A, Michellem H. Henshaw C, Elizabeth A. Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health. J periodontology 2001;25(1):21-36. [CrossRef]
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dentistry, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Azita Tiznobaik This is me 0000-0002-5220-9442

Safoura Taheri This is me 0000-0002-6837-4020

Parviz Torkzaban This is me 0000-0003-4933-7520

Ali Ghaleiha This is me 0000-0003-3037-2676

Ali Rıza Soltanian This is me 0000-0002-7483-3502

Reza Omrani This is me 0000-0003-4077-7132

Mehdi Shrinzad This is me 0000-0003-2455-9653

Publication Date May 31, 2019
Submission Date November 14, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 53 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Torkzaban P, Ghaleiha A, Soltanian AR, Omrani R, Shrinzad M (May 1, 2019) Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. European Oral Research 53 2 62–66.