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Biofreeze ve yüzeyel ısının mastikatör miyofasiyal ağrı sendromuna (MAS) etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 133 - 138, 21.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.2021858837

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, MAS'lı hastalarda yüzeysel ısı ve Biofreeze'in ağrı, ağız açıklığı (mm) ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya dahil edilen MAS’ı olan 52 hasta, yüzeysel ısı ve Biofreeze uygulaması yapılmak üzere rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Biofreeze grubundaki hastalar (n=26) günde iki kez olmak üzere yedi gün boyunca masseter ve temporal kaslarına % 3.5 mentol jeli uygularken, diğer grup yüzeyel ısı uyguladı. Hastaların başlangıç, 7. ve 21. gün VAS, ağız açıklığı (mm) ve Ağız Sağlığı Etki Profili-14 (OHIP-14) skorları SPSS ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Ağız açıklığı, Biofreeze uygulanan grupta 4,27 ± 3,80 mm, yüzeysel ısı uygulanan grupta 2,58 ± 2,16 mm artmıştır. Her grupta başlangıç değerlerine göre 7. günde VAS ve OHIP-14 skorlarında anlamlı azalma gözlenmiştir (p <0.001). Miyofasiyal ağrı, ağız açıklığı (mm) ve OHIP-14 skorlarında iki uygulama arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktur (p> 0.05). Her iki uygulamanın bu parametreler üzerindeki olumlu etkileri sadece kullanım süreleri ile sınırlı kalmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma Biofreeze ve yüzeysel ısının MAS üzerindeki etkilerini analiz eden ilk çalışmadır. Her iki uygulamayla kısa dönemde tetik nokta kaynaklı ağrının azalması ve ağız açıklığında artış sağlanmaktadır.

References

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  • 2. Fricton JR, Kroening R, Haley D, Siegert R. Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck: a review of clinical characteristics of 164 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1985; 60: 615-23. [CrossRef ]
  • 3. Farina S, Casarotto M, Benelle M, Tinazzi M. A randomized controlled study on the effect of two different treatments (FREMS AND TENS) in myofascial pain syndrome. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2004; 40: 293.
  • 4. Velly AM, Gornitsky M, Philippe P. Contributing factors to chronic myofascial pain: case–control study. Pain 2003; 104: 491-9. [CrossRef ]
  • 5. Wheeler AH. Myofascial pain disorders. Drugs 2004; 64: 45-62. [CrossRef ]
  • 6. Nelson SJ, dos Santos J, Barghi N, Narendran S. Using moist heat to treat acute temporomandibular muscle pain dysfunction. Compendium (Newtown, Pa.) 1991; 12: 808-10.
  • 7. Reiter S, Goldsmith C, Emodi‐Perlman A, Friedman‐Rubin P, Winocur E. Masticatory muscle disorders diagnostic criteria: the American Academy of Orofacial Pain versus the research diagnostic criteria/temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39: 941-47. [CrossRef ]
  • 8. Koppert W, Frötsch K, Huzurudin N, Böswald W, Griessinger N, Weisbach V, et al. The effects of paracetamol and parecoxib on kidney function in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 1170-6. [CrossRef ]
  • 9. McCurdy CR, Scully SS. Analgesic substances derived from natural products (natureceuticals). Life Sci 2005; 78: 476-84.
  • 10. Knowlton WM, Daniels RL, Palkar R, McCoy DD, McKemy DD. Pharmacological blockade of TRPM8 ion channels alters cold and cold pain responses in mice. PloS one 2011; 6: e25894.
  • 11. Hensel H, Zotterman Y. The effect of menthol on the thermoreceptors. Acta Physiol Scand 1951; 24: 27-34. [CrossRef ]
  • 12. Gaudioso C, Hao J, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Gabriac M, Delmas P. Menthol pain relief through cumulative inactivation of voltage- gated sodium channels. Pain 2012; 153: 473-84. [CrossRef ]
  • 13. Olive JL, Hollis B, Mattson E, Topp R. Vascular conductance is reduced after menthol or cold application. Clin J Sport Med 2010; 20: 372-6.
  • 14. Richter M. The Effects of Biofreeze on Cutaneous Blood Flow in Normal Subjects as Measured by Doppler Ultrasound.
  • 15. Robinson SB, Kesick CM, Kolka MA, Stephenson LA. Topical Nitroglycerin Ointment (2%) Applied to Forearm Skin Increases Skin Blood Flow. USARIEM 2001.
  • 16. Locker D, Jokovic A, Clarke M. Assessing the responsiveness of measures of oral health‐related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 10-8.
  • 17. Balci N, Alkan N, Gurgan CA. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the oral health impact profile14. Niger J Clin Pract 2017; 20: 19-24.
  • 18. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 2009; 41: 1149-60. [CrossRef ]
  • 19. Han SC, Harrison P. Myofascial pain syndrome and trigger-point management. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1997; 22: 89-101. [CrossRef ]
  • 20. Fricton JR. Clinical care for myofascial pain. Dent Clin North Am 1991; 35: 1-28.
  • 21. Brennum J, Kjeldsen M, Jensen K, Jensen TS. Measurements of human pressure-pain thresholds on fingers and toes. Pain 1989; 38: 211-17.
  • 22. Dionne RA. Pharmacologic treatments for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 134-42. [CrossRef ]
  • 23. Feine JS, Widmer CG, Lund JP. Physical therapy: a critique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 123-7. [CrossRef ]
  • 24. Ekberg E, Vallon D, Nilner M. Occlusal appliance therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a double-blind controlled study in a short-term perspective. Acta Odontol Scand 1998; 56: 122-8. [CrossRef ]
  • 25. van Grootel RJ, Buchner R, Wismeijer D, van der Glas HW. Towards an optimal therapy strategy for myogenous TMD, physiotherapy compared with occlusal splint therapy in an RCT with therapy- and-patient-specific treatment durations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18: 1-17.
  • 26. Burgess JA, Sommers EE, Truelove EL, Dworkin SF. Short-term effect of two therapeutic methods on myofascial pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 60: 606-10. [CrossRef ]
  • 27. Dworkin SF, Turner JA, Wilson L, Massoth D, Whitney C, Huggins KH, et al. Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders. Pain 1994; 59: 175-87. [CrossRef ]
  • 28. Dworkin SF, Huggins KH, Wilson L, Mancl L, Turner J, Massoth D, et al. A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program. J Orofac Pain 2002;16.
  • 29. Truelove E, Huggins KH, Mancl L, Dworkin SF. The efficacy of traditional, low-cost and nonsplint therapies for temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137: 1099-1107.
  • 30. Simons DG, Travel JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body. Lippincott williams & wilkins, 1999.
  • 31. Kojima A, Goto K, Morioka S, Naito T, Akema T, Fujiya H, et al. Heat stress facilitates the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in rats. J Orthop Sci 2007; 12: 74-82. [CrossRef ]
  • 32. Petrofsky JS, Laymon MS, Alshammari FS, Lee H. Use of low level of continuous heat as an adjunct to physical therapy improves knee pain recovery and the compliance for home exercise in patients with chronic knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 3107-15. [CrossRef ]
  • 33. Petrofsky J, Berk L, Bains G, Khowailed IA, Lee H, Laymon M. The efficacy of sustained heat treatment on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clin J Sport Med 2017; 27: 329-37. [CrossRef ]
  • 34. Chabal C, Dunbar PJ, Painter I, Young D, Chabal DC. Properties of Thermal Analgesia in a Human Chronic Low Back Pain Model. J Pain Res 2020; 13: 2083. [CrossRef ]
  • 35. Poindexter RH, Wright EF, Murchison DF. Comparison of moist and dry heat penetration through orofacial tissues. CRANIO 2002; 20: 28-33. [CrossRef ]
  • 36. De Laat A, Stappaerts K, Papy S. Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system. J Orofac Pain 2003; 17.
  • 37. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Abeln SB, Weingand KW. Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 329-34. [CrossRef ]
  • 38. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Petty SR, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Weingand KW. Overnight use of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for relief of low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 335-42. [CrossRef ]
  • 39. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Hinkle RT, Goodale MB, et al. Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy provides more efficacy than Ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute low back pain. Spine 2002; 27: 1012-17. [CrossRef ]
  • 40. Nelson SJ, Ash Jr M. An evaluation of a moist heating pad for the treatment of TMJ/muscle pain dysfunction. CRANIO 1988; 6: 355-9.
  • 41. de Felício CM, Freitas RL, Bataglion C. The effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy combined with an occlusal splint on signs and symptoms in a man with TMD-hypermobility: case study. IJOM 2007; 33: 21-9.
  • 42. Dıraçoğlu D, Saral İB, Keklik B, Kurt H, Emekli U, Özçakar L, et al. Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the treatment of temporomandibular disc displacement without reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 3-8. [CrossRef ]
  • 43. Nozaki S, Kawai M, Shimoyama R, Futamura N, Matsumura T, Adachi K, et al. Range of motion exercise of temporo-mandibular joint with hot pack increases occlusal force in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Myol 2010; 29: 392.
  • 44. Brandt KD. The importance of nonpharmacologic approaches in management of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1998; 105: 39-44.
  • 45. Algafly AA, George KP. The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 365-9.
  • 46. Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer- Montiel A. Trafficking of thermoTRP channels. Membranes 2014; 4: 525-564. [CrossRef ]
  • 47. Liu B, Fan L, Balakrishna S, Sui A, Morris JB, Jordt SE. TRPM8 is the principal mediator of menthol-induced analgesia of acute and inflammatory pain. PAIN 2013; 154: 2169-77. [CrossRef ]
  • 48. Yajima T, Sato T, Hosokawa H, Kondo T, Saito M, Shimauchi H, et al. Distribution of transient receptor potential melastatin-8- containing nerve fibers in rat oral and craniofacial structures. Ann Anat 2015; 201: 1-5. [CrossRef ]
  • 49. Finch PM, Drummond PD. Topical treatment in pain medicine: from ancient remedies to modern usage Pain Manag 2015; 5: 359-71.
  • 50. Cliff MA, Green BG. Sensory irritation and coolness produced by menthol: evidence for selective desensitization of irritation. Physiol Behav 1994; 56: 1021-29. [CrossRef ]
  • 51. Sun J, Yang T, Wang P, Ma S, Zhu Z, Pu Y, et al. Activation of cold-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 8 antagonizes vasoconstriction and hypertension through attenuating RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Hypertension 2014; 63: 1354-63. [CrossRef ]
  • 52. Craighead DH, Alexander LM. Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow. Microvasc Res 2016; 107: 39-45. [CrossRef ]
  • 53. Andersen HH, Olsen RV, Møller HG, Eskelund PW, Gazerani P, Arendt‐Nielsen L. A review of topical high‐concentration L‐menthol as a translational model of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain 2014; 18: 315-25. [CrossRef ]
  • 54. Bourgaize S, Newton G, Kumbhare D, Srbely J. A comparison of the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia: implications for differential diagnosis and management. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2018; 62: 26.
  • 55. Borg-Stein J, Iaccarino MA. Myofascial pain syndrome treatments. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2014; 25: 357-74. [CrossRef ]
  • 56. Leventhal LJ. Management of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 850-858. [CrossRef ]
  • 57. Sprangers MA, de Regt EB, Andries F, van Agt HM, Bijl RV, de Boer JB, et al. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 895-907.
  • 58. Gerwin RD. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001; 5: 412- 20. [CrossRef ]

The effects of Biofreeze and superficial heat on masticatory myofascial pain syndrome

Year 2021, Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 133 - 138, 21.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.2021858837

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to assess the influence of superficial heat and Biofreeze on pain, mouth opening (mm), and quality of life in patients with masticatory myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Materials and Methods 52 patients with MPS were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the Biofreeze group (n = 26) applied 3.5% menthol gel to the masseter and temporal muscles twice a day for seven days, while the other group applied superficial heat. Baseline, 7th, and 21st days of VAS, mouth opening (mm), and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scores of the patients were evaluated statistically. Results The mouth opening increased by 4.27 ± 3.80 mm in the Biofreeze group and 2.58 ± 2.16 mm in the superficial heat group. In each group, a significant decrease in VAS and OHIP-14 scores was observed on the 7th day compared to the baseline values (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two applications on myofascial pain, mouth opening (mm), and OHIP-14 total score variables. The favorable effects of both applications on these parameters were limited to the duration of use. Conclusion Biofreeze and superficial heat in MPS were found to increase the quality of life, but the limited effectiveness of these applications underlines the importance of the underlying factors.

References

  • 1. Okada-Ogawa A, Sekine N, Watanabe K, Kohashi R, Asano S, Iwata K, Imamura Y. Change in muscle hardness after trigger point injection and physiotherapy for myofascial pain syndrome. J Oral Sci 2018; 17: 0453.
  • 2. Fricton JR, Kroening R, Haley D, Siegert R. Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck: a review of clinical characteristics of 164 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1985; 60: 615-23. [CrossRef ]
  • 3. Farina S, Casarotto M, Benelle M, Tinazzi M. A randomized controlled study on the effect of two different treatments (FREMS AND TENS) in myofascial pain syndrome. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2004; 40: 293.
  • 4. Velly AM, Gornitsky M, Philippe P. Contributing factors to chronic myofascial pain: case–control study. Pain 2003; 104: 491-9. [CrossRef ]
  • 5. Wheeler AH. Myofascial pain disorders. Drugs 2004; 64: 45-62. [CrossRef ]
  • 6. Nelson SJ, dos Santos J, Barghi N, Narendran S. Using moist heat to treat acute temporomandibular muscle pain dysfunction. Compendium (Newtown, Pa.) 1991; 12: 808-10.
  • 7. Reiter S, Goldsmith C, Emodi‐Perlman A, Friedman‐Rubin P, Winocur E. Masticatory muscle disorders diagnostic criteria: the American Academy of Orofacial Pain versus the research diagnostic criteria/temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39: 941-47. [CrossRef ]
  • 8. Koppert W, Frötsch K, Huzurudin N, Böswald W, Griessinger N, Weisbach V, et al. The effects of paracetamol and parecoxib on kidney function in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 1170-6. [CrossRef ]
  • 9. McCurdy CR, Scully SS. Analgesic substances derived from natural products (natureceuticals). Life Sci 2005; 78: 476-84.
  • 10. Knowlton WM, Daniels RL, Palkar R, McCoy DD, McKemy DD. Pharmacological blockade of TRPM8 ion channels alters cold and cold pain responses in mice. PloS one 2011; 6: e25894.
  • 11. Hensel H, Zotterman Y. The effect of menthol on the thermoreceptors. Acta Physiol Scand 1951; 24: 27-34. [CrossRef ]
  • 12. Gaudioso C, Hao J, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Gabriac M, Delmas P. Menthol pain relief through cumulative inactivation of voltage- gated sodium channels. Pain 2012; 153: 473-84. [CrossRef ]
  • 13. Olive JL, Hollis B, Mattson E, Topp R. Vascular conductance is reduced after menthol or cold application. Clin J Sport Med 2010; 20: 372-6.
  • 14. Richter M. The Effects of Biofreeze on Cutaneous Blood Flow in Normal Subjects as Measured by Doppler Ultrasound.
  • 15. Robinson SB, Kesick CM, Kolka MA, Stephenson LA. Topical Nitroglycerin Ointment (2%) Applied to Forearm Skin Increases Skin Blood Flow. USARIEM 2001.
  • 16. Locker D, Jokovic A, Clarke M. Assessing the responsiveness of measures of oral health‐related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 10-8.
  • 17. Balci N, Alkan N, Gurgan CA. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the oral health impact profile14. Niger J Clin Pract 2017; 20: 19-24.
  • 18. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 2009; 41: 1149-60. [CrossRef ]
  • 19. Han SC, Harrison P. Myofascial pain syndrome and trigger-point management. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1997; 22: 89-101. [CrossRef ]
  • 20. Fricton JR. Clinical care for myofascial pain. Dent Clin North Am 1991; 35: 1-28.
  • 21. Brennum J, Kjeldsen M, Jensen K, Jensen TS. Measurements of human pressure-pain thresholds on fingers and toes. Pain 1989; 38: 211-17.
  • 22. Dionne RA. Pharmacologic treatments for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 134-42. [CrossRef ]
  • 23. Feine JS, Widmer CG, Lund JP. Physical therapy: a critique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 123-7. [CrossRef ]
  • 24. Ekberg E, Vallon D, Nilner M. Occlusal appliance therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a double-blind controlled study in a short-term perspective. Acta Odontol Scand 1998; 56: 122-8. [CrossRef ]
  • 25. van Grootel RJ, Buchner R, Wismeijer D, van der Glas HW. Towards an optimal therapy strategy for myogenous TMD, physiotherapy compared with occlusal splint therapy in an RCT with therapy- and-patient-specific treatment durations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18: 1-17.
  • 26. Burgess JA, Sommers EE, Truelove EL, Dworkin SF. Short-term effect of two therapeutic methods on myofascial pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 60: 606-10. [CrossRef ]
  • 27. Dworkin SF, Turner JA, Wilson L, Massoth D, Whitney C, Huggins KH, et al. Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders. Pain 1994; 59: 175-87. [CrossRef ]
  • 28. Dworkin SF, Huggins KH, Wilson L, Mancl L, Turner J, Massoth D, et al. A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program. J Orofac Pain 2002;16.
  • 29. Truelove E, Huggins KH, Mancl L, Dworkin SF. The efficacy of traditional, low-cost and nonsplint therapies for temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137: 1099-1107.
  • 30. Simons DG, Travel JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body. Lippincott williams & wilkins, 1999.
  • 31. Kojima A, Goto K, Morioka S, Naito T, Akema T, Fujiya H, et al. Heat stress facilitates the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in rats. J Orthop Sci 2007; 12: 74-82. [CrossRef ]
  • 32. Petrofsky JS, Laymon MS, Alshammari FS, Lee H. Use of low level of continuous heat as an adjunct to physical therapy improves knee pain recovery and the compliance for home exercise in patients with chronic knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 3107-15. [CrossRef ]
  • 33. Petrofsky J, Berk L, Bains G, Khowailed IA, Lee H, Laymon M. The efficacy of sustained heat treatment on delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clin J Sport Med 2017; 27: 329-37. [CrossRef ]
  • 34. Chabal C, Dunbar PJ, Painter I, Young D, Chabal DC. Properties of Thermal Analgesia in a Human Chronic Low Back Pain Model. J Pain Res 2020; 13: 2083. [CrossRef ]
  • 35. Poindexter RH, Wright EF, Murchison DF. Comparison of moist and dry heat penetration through orofacial tissues. CRANIO 2002; 20: 28-33. [CrossRef ]
  • 36. De Laat A, Stappaerts K, Papy S. Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system. J Orofac Pain 2003; 17.
  • 37. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Abeln SB, Weingand KW. Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 329-34. [CrossRef ]
  • 38. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Petty SR, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Weingand KW. Overnight use of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for relief of low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 335-42. [CrossRef ]
  • 39. Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, Hengehold DA, Hinkle RT, Goodale MB, et al. Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy provides more efficacy than Ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute low back pain. Spine 2002; 27: 1012-17. [CrossRef ]
  • 40. Nelson SJ, Ash Jr M. An evaluation of a moist heating pad for the treatment of TMJ/muscle pain dysfunction. CRANIO 1988; 6: 355-9.
  • 41. de Felício CM, Freitas RL, Bataglion C. The effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy combined with an occlusal splint on signs and symptoms in a man with TMD-hypermobility: case study. IJOM 2007; 33: 21-9.
  • 42. Dıraçoğlu D, Saral İB, Keklik B, Kurt H, Emekli U, Özçakar L, et al. Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the treatment of temporomandibular disc displacement without reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 3-8. [CrossRef ]
  • 43. Nozaki S, Kawai M, Shimoyama R, Futamura N, Matsumura T, Adachi K, et al. Range of motion exercise of temporo-mandibular joint with hot pack increases occlusal force in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Myol 2010; 29: 392.
  • 44. Brandt KD. The importance of nonpharmacologic approaches in management of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1998; 105: 39-44.
  • 45. Algafly AA, George KP. The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 365-9.
  • 46. Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer- Montiel A. Trafficking of thermoTRP channels. Membranes 2014; 4: 525-564. [CrossRef ]
  • 47. Liu B, Fan L, Balakrishna S, Sui A, Morris JB, Jordt SE. TRPM8 is the principal mediator of menthol-induced analgesia of acute and inflammatory pain. PAIN 2013; 154: 2169-77. [CrossRef ]
  • 48. Yajima T, Sato T, Hosokawa H, Kondo T, Saito M, Shimauchi H, et al. Distribution of transient receptor potential melastatin-8- containing nerve fibers in rat oral and craniofacial structures. Ann Anat 2015; 201: 1-5. [CrossRef ]
  • 49. Finch PM, Drummond PD. Topical treatment in pain medicine: from ancient remedies to modern usage Pain Manag 2015; 5: 359-71.
  • 50. Cliff MA, Green BG. Sensory irritation and coolness produced by menthol: evidence for selective desensitization of irritation. Physiol Behav 1994; 56: 1021-29. [CrossRef ]
  • 51. Sun J, Yang T, Wang P, Ma S, Zhu Z, Pu Y, et al. Activation of cold-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 8 antagonizes vasoconstriction and hypertension through attenuating RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Hypertension 2014; 63: 1354-63. [CrossRef ]
  • 52. Craighead DH, Alexander LM. Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow. Microvasc Res 2016; 107: 39-45. [CrossRef ]
  • 53. Andersen HH, Olsen RV, Møller HG, Eskelund PW, Gazerani P, Arendt‐Nielsen L. A review of topical high‐concentration L‐menthol as a translational model of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. Eur J Pain 2014; 18: 315-25. [CrossRef ]
  • 54. Bourgaize S, Newton G, Kumbhare D, Srbely J. A comparison of the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia: implications for differential diagnosis and management. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2018; 62: 26.
  • 55. Borg-Stein J, Iaccarino MA. Myofascial pain syndrome treatments. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2014; 25: 357-74. [CrossRef ]
  • 56. Leventhal LJ. Management of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 850-858. [CrossRef ]
  • 57. Sprangers MA, de Regt EB, Andries F, van Agt HM, Bijl RV, de Boer JB, et al. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 895-907.
  • 58. Gerwin RD. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001; 5: 412- 20. [CrossRef ]
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Deniz Yaman 0000-0002-1492-6897

Cansu Alpaslan 0000-0003-2092-7842

Oya Kalaycıoğlu 0000-0003-2183-7080

Publication Date September 21, 2021
Submission Date January 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 55 Issue: 3

Cite

EndNote Yaman D, Alpaslan C, Kalaycıoğlu O (September 1, 2021) The effects of Biofreeze and superficial heat on masticatory myofascial pain syndrome. European Oral Research 55 3 133–138.