The Investigation of the Relationship between Trade Openness and Income Inequality for BRICS-T Countries: Panel VAR Approach

Abstract

The implementation of liberal economic policies in developing countries has increased the interaction between trade and economic growth. This development emerges as an important mechanism that leads to a significant increase in income disparities. This study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between income inequality and trade openness with the Panel Var analysis method, using the data between 1992-2019 for the BRICS-T countries, which are expressed as the world's emerging economies. According to the analysis findings, the increase in trade openness causes an increase in income inequality in the selected developing country group. But, the increase in foreign direct investments and economic growth has a reducing effect on the injustice in income distribution. Granger causality test results support the panel VAR results, and trade openness without a feedback relationship is a one-way cause of income inequality. It also has bidirectional causality with income inequality, foreign direct investment and economic growth. Finally, FDI and trade openness are one-way drivers of economic growth. Consistent with the literature, this study supports the hypothesis that liberalization policies in trade, especially in developing countries, increase income inequality. Policies should be developed to attract more foreign investors, both to ensure economic growth and to contribute to reducing income inequality.

Keywords

• Trade Openness
• Income Inequality
• Economic Development
• BRICS-T countries
• Panel VAR Analysis

BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Panel VAR Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde liberal ekonomi politikalarının uygulanması, ticaret ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimi artırmıştır. Bu gelişme gelir farklılıklarında belirgin bir artışa yol açan önemli bir mekanizma olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Dünya’nın yükselen ekonomileri olarak ifade edilen BRICS-T ülkeleri için 1992-2019 yılları arasındaki veriler kullanılarak Panel Var analizi yöntemi ile gelir eşitsizliği ve ticari açıklık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Analiz bulgularına göre ticari açıklığın artması, seçilen gelişmekte olan ülke grubunda gelir eşitsizliğinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ve ekonomik büyümenin artması gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliği azaltıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Granger nedensellik testi sonuçları, panel VAR sonuçlarını desteklemektedir ve geri besleme ilişkisi olmaksızın ticari açıklık, gelir eşitsizliğinin tek yönlü nedenidir. Ayrıca gelir eşitsizliği, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve ekonomik büyüme ile çift yönlü nedenselliğe sahiptir. Son olarak doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve ticari açıklık, ekonomik büyümenin tek yönlü nedenidir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde var olan ticarette serbestleşme politikalarının gelir eşitsizliğini artırması hipotezi bu çalışmada literatüre de uygun olarak desteklenmektedir. Hem ekonomik büyümeyi sağlamak hem de gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmaya katkıda bulunmak için daha fazla yabancı yatırımcıyı çekmek için politikalar geliştirilmelidir.

Keywords

• Ticari Açıklık
• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• BRICS-T ülkeleri
• Panel VAR Analizi

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