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Dynamics of Causality between Real Estate and Stock Prices: Evidence from Türkiye

Year 2025, , 127 - 139, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1599083

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the causal relationship between real estate and stock prices in Türkiye over the 2010-2023 period and uncover whether the wealth effect or the credit price effect has been dominant. This study investigates the association between real estate prices and stock prices in Türkiye using both linear and non-linear ARDL cointegration models. A recently developed non-linear ARDL technique by Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) is employed to investigate possible asymmetric relationships between real estate and stock prices. Linear ARDL bounds test results indicate strong evidence of wealth effect for Türkiye. The findings of the non-linear ARDL technique reveal that there is a strong asymmetric association between real estate and stock prices in Türkiye and there is evidence of the existence of both wealth and credit price effects. The asymmetric association is more dominant in the credit price effect model. The findings of the study will help both investors and policymakers to establish effective policies for developing portfolios considering the asymmetric associations and provide a better understanding of the driving forces behind real estate prices.

References

  • Afşar, A. and Karpuz, E. (2019). Makroekonomik değişkenlerle Borsa İstanbul gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıkları endeksi arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 52-64. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/anadoluibfd
  • Al Refai, H., Eissa, M.A. and Zeitun, R. (2021). The dynamics of the relationship between real estate and stock markets in an energy-based economy: The case of Qatar. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 23, e00200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2021.e00200
  • Ali, G. and Zaman, K. (2017). Do house prices influence stock prices? Empirical investigation from the panel of selected European Union countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1840-1849. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1392882
  • BETAM. (2023). Economic growth and forecasts, August 2023. Retrieved from https://betam.bahcesehir.edu.tr/en/2023/09/economic-growth-and-forecasts-august-2023/
  • Büyükkara, Z.G., Özgüler, İ.C. and Hepsen, A. (2023). Relationship between housing, oil, gold and stock markets: Evidence from UK and Norway. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 18(2), 518-545. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-09-2023-0125
  • CBRT. (2024). Electronic data delivery system [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • Chan, K.F., Treepongkaruna, S., Brooks, R. and Gray, S. (2011). Asset market linkages: Evidence from financial, commodity and real estate assets. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(6), 1415-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.10.022
  • Chaudhry, N.I., Asad, H., Abdulghaffar, M. and Amir, M. (2021). Contagion effect of Covid-19 on stock market returns: Role of gold prices, real estate prices, and US dollar exchange rate. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 15(3), 614-635. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/?locale=en
  • Gil-Alana, L.A., Yaya, O.S., Akinsomi, O. and Coşkun, Y. (2020). How do stocks in BRICS co-move with real estate stocks? International Review of Economics and Finance, 69, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.04.014
  • Gökmenoğlu, K. and Hesami, S. (2019). Real estate prices and stock market in Germany: Analysis based on hedonic price index. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 12(4), 687-707. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-05-2018-0036
  • Hui, E.C.M. and Ng, I.M.H. (2012). Wealth effect, credit price effect, and the inter-relationships between Hong Kong’s property market and stock market. Property Management, 30(3), 255-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211233864
  • Ibrahim, M.H. (2010). House price-stock price relations in Thailand: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 3(1), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538271011027096
  • Irandoust, M. (2021). The causality between house prices and stock prices: Evidence from seven European countries. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 14(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-02-2020-0013
  • Kakes, J. and Van Den End, J.W. (2004). Do stock prices affect house prices? Evidence for the Netherlands. Applied Economics Letters, 11(12), 741-744. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000254863
  • Kapopoulos, P. and Siokis, F. (2005). Stock and real estate prices in Greece: Wealth versus ‘credit-price’ effect. Applied Economics Letters, 12(2), 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000307107
  • Kartal, M.T., Kılıç Depren, S. and Depren, Ö. (2023). Housing prices in emerging countries during COVID-19: Evidence from Türkiye. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 16(3), 598-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-07-2021-0083
  • Lee, K.N.H. (2017). Residential property price-stock price nexus in Hong Kong: New evidence from ARDL bounds test. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 10(2), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-03-2016-0020
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996). Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199611)11:6<601::AID-JAE417>3.0.CO;2-T
  • Mahmoudinia, D. and Mostolizadeh, S.M. (2023). (A)symmetric interaction between house prices, stock market and exchange rates using linear and nonlinear approach: The case of Iran. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 16(4), 648-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-01-2022-0008
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975974
  • Okunev, J., Wilson, P. and Zurbruegg, Z. (2000). The causal relationship between real estate and stock markets. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 21(3), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012051719424
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289–326. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/
  • Shin, Y., Yu, B. and Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. In W. Horrace and R. Sickles (Eds.), The festschrift in honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric methods and applications (pp. 281–314). New York: Springer.
  • Sim, S.H. and Chang, B.K. (2006). Stock and real estate markets in Korea: Wealth or credit-price effect. Journal of Economic Research, 11, 99-122. Retrieved from http://www.jer.or.kr/
  • Torun, E. and Demireli, E. (2022). Konut fiyatlarında sermaye piyasasının etkileri: Dinamik nedensellik ile Türkiye üzerine bir inceleme. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 334-365. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1107034
  • TURKSTAT. (2024). Yoksulluk ve yaşam koşulları istatistikleri, 2024 haber bülteni. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yoksulluk-ve-Yasam-Kosullari-Istatistikleri-2024-53714
  • World Bank. (2024). Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview#3
  • Yüksel, A. (2016). The relationship between stock and real estate prices in Turkey: Evidence around the global financial crisis. Central Bank Review, 16, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2016.03.006

Gayrimenkul ve Hisse Senedi Fiyatları Arasındaki Nedenselliğin Dinamikleri: Türkiye'den Kanıtlar

Year 2025, , 127 - 139, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1599083

Abstract

Bu makale, 2010-2023 döneminde Türkiye'deki gayrimenkul ve hisse senedi fiyatları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini incelemeyi ve servet etkisinin mi yoksa kredi fiyatı etkisinin mi baskın olduğunu ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de gayrimenkul ve hisse senedi fiyatları arasındaki ilişki doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan ARDL eş bütünleşme modelleri kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, gayrimenkul ve hisse senedi fiyatları arasındaki olası asimetrik ilişkileri araştırmak için Shin, Yu ve Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) tarafından yakın zamanda geliştirilen doğrusal olmayan bir ARDL tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Doğrusal ARLD sınır testi sonuçları Türkiye için servet etkisine dair güçlü kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de gayrimenkul ve hisse senedi fiyatları arasında güçlü asimetrik bir ilişki olduğunu ve hem servet hem de kredi fiyatı etkilerinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Asimetrik ilişki kredi fiyatı modelinde daha baskındır. Çalışmanın bulguları hem yatırımcıların hem de politika yapıcıların asimetrik ilişkileri göz önünde bulundurarak portföy geliştirmeye yönelik etkili politikalar oluşturmasına ve gayrimenkul fiyatlarının arkasındaki itici güçlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

References

  • Afşar, A. and Karpuz, E. (2019). Makroekonomik değişkenlerle Borsa İstanbul gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıkları endeksi arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 52-64. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/anadoluibfd
  • Al Refai, H., Eissa, M.A. and Zeitun, R. (2021). The dynamics of the relationship between real estate and stock markets in an energy-based economy: The case of Qatar. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 23, e00200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2021.e00200
  • Ali, G. and Zaman, K. (2017). Do house prices influence stock prices? Empirical investigation from the panel of selected European Union countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1840-1849. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1392882
  • BETAM. (2023). Economic growth and forecasts, August 2023. Retrieved from https://betam.bahcesehir.edu.tr/en/2023/09/economic-growth-and-forecasts-august-2023/
  • Büyükkara, Z.G., Özgüler, İ.C. and Hepsen, A. (2023). Relationship between housing, oil, gold and stock markets: Evidence from UK and Norway. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 18(2), 518-545. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-09-2023-0125
  • CBRT. (2024). Electronic data delivery system [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket
  • Chan, K.F., Treepongkaruna, S., Brooks, R. and Gray, S. (2011). Asset market linkages: Evidence from financial, commodity and real estate assets. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(6), 1415-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.10.022
  • Chaudhry, N.I., Asad, H., Abdulghaffar, M. and Amir, M. (2021). Contagion effect of Covid-19 on stock market returns: Role of gold prices, real estate prices, and US dollar exchange rate. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 15(3), 614-635. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/?locale=en
  • Gil-Alana, L.A., Yaya, O.S., Akinsomi, O. and Coşkun, Y. (2020). How do stocks in BRICS co-move with real estate stocks? International Review of Economics and Finance, 69, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.04.014
  • Gökmenoğlu, K. and Hesami, S. (2019). Real estate prices and stock market in Germany: Analysis based on hedonic price index. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 12(4), 687-707. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-05-2018-0036
  • Hui, E.C.M. and Ng, I.M.H. (2012). Wealth effect, credit price effect, and the inter-relationships between Hong Kong’s property market and stock market. Property Management, 30(3), 255-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211233864
  • Ibrahim, M.H. (2010). House price-stock price relations in Thailand: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 3(1), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538271011027096
  • Irandoust, M. (2021). The causality between house prices and stock prices: Evidence from seven European countries. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 14(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-02-2020-0013
  • Kakes, J. and Van Den End, J.W. (2004). Do stock prices affect house prices? Evidence for the Netherlands. Applied Economics Letters, 11(12), 741-744. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000254863
  • Kapopoulos, P. and Siokis, F. (2005). Stock and real estate prices in Greece: Wealth versus ‘credit-price’ effect. Applied Economics Letters, 12(2), 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350485042000307107
  • Kartal, M.T., Kılıç Depren, S. and Depren, Ö. (2023). Housing prices in emerging countries during COVID-19: Evidence from Türkiye. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 16(3), 598-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-07-2021-0083
  • Lee, K.N.H. (2017). Residential property price-stock price nexus in Hong Kong: New evidence from ARDL bounds test. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 10(2), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-03-2016-0020
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996). Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199611)11:6<601::AID-JAE417>3.0.CO;2-T
  • Mahmoudinia, D. and Mostolizadeh, S.M. (2023). (A)symmetric interaction between house prices, stock market and exchange rates using linear and nonlinear approach: The case of Iran. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 16(4), 648-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-01-2022-0008
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975974
  • Okunev, J., Wilson, P. and Zurbruegg, Z. (2000). The causal relationship between real estate and stock markets. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 21(3), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012051719424
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289–326. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/
  • Shin, Y., Yu, B. and Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. In W. Horrace and R. Sickles (Eds.), The festschrift in honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric methods and applications (pp. 281–314). New York: Springer.
  • Sim, S.H. and Chang, B.K. (2006). Stock and real estate markets in Korea: Wealth or credit-price effect. Journal of Economic Research, 11, 99-122. Retrieved from http://www.jer.or.kr/
  • Torun, E. and Demireli, E. (2022). Konut fiyatlarında sermaye piyasasının etkileri: Dinamik nedensellik ile Türkiye üzerine bir inceleme. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 334-365. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1107034
  • TURKSTAT. (2024). Yoksulluk ve yaşam koşulları istatistikleri, 2024 haber bülteni. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yoksulluk-ve-Yasam-Kosullari-Istatistikleri-2024-53714
  • World Bank. (2024). Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview#3
  • Yüksel, A. (2016). The relationship between stock and real estate prices in Turkey: Evidence around the global financial crisis. Central Bank Review, 16, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2016.03.006
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Capital Market, Urban Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Evrim Turgutlu 0000-0001-5643-3022

Pınar Narin Emirhan 0000-0002-9879-6005

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date December 10, 2024
Acceptance Date March 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025

Cite

APA Turgutlu, E., & Narin Emirhan, P. (2025). Dynamics of Causality between Real Estate and Stock Prices: Evidence from Türkiye. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 127-139. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1599083