Finansal Gelişme, Yenilenebilir ve Yenilenemeyen Enerji Tüketimi ve Uluslararası Turizmin Farklı Kıtalardan Yüksek Gelirli Ülkelerde Sera Gazi Emisyonları Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Enerji kaynaklarının kullanımındaki artışlar küreselleşen dünyada çevre kalitesi için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. CO2 emisyonları yüksek olan ülkelerin emisyon azaltma hedeflerine ulaşmaları bu noktada kritik önem taşımaktadır. Nitekim sera gazları ve özellikle CO2 emisyonları küresel ısınmayı, iklim değişikliğini ve birçok olumsuzluğu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışma farklı kıtalardan yüksek gelirli ülkelerdeki sera gazı emisyonlarını finansal gelişme, enerji tüketimi, turizm ve ticaret göstergeleri ile 1995-2017 dönemi için panel kuantil yaklaşımıyla açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Sonuçlar finansal gelişme, fosil enerji tüketimi ve turizm gelirlerinin örneklemin tamamında emisyonları artırdığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Amerika kıtasındaki yüksek gelirli ülkelerin sera gazı emisyonlarındaki artışı açıklamada turizm kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Asya kıtasında ise finansal gelişme, karbon emisyonlarını %10 ve %75 kuantil seviyelerinde pozitif etkilerken %90 kuantil seviyesinde negatif bir şekilde etkilemektedir.

Keywords

• Emisyon
• Finansal Gelişme
• Ticaret
• Turizm
• Panel Veri

The Effect of Financial Development, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and International Tourism on Greenhouse Gas Emission in High-Income Countries from Different Continents

Abstract

Substantial increases in the use of energy resources pose a serious threat to environmental quality in a globalized world. It is of critical importance for countries with high levels of CO2 emission to achieve their goals of emission reduction. As a matter of fact, greenhouse gases — and CO2 in particular — bring about global warming, climate change and many concomitant adversities. This study tries to explain greenhouse gas emissions with financial development, energy consumption, tourism and trade indicators in high income countries from different continents for the period from 1995 to 2017 by panel quantile approach. Results suggest that financial development, fossil fuel energy consumption, and tourism receipts increase emissions in full sample. Also, tourism is critical in explaining the increase in greenhouse gas emissions of high-income countries in American continent. In Asian continent, financial development positively effects on carbon emissions at 10% and 75% quantile levels but affect negatively at 90% quantile level.

Keywords

• Emissions
• Financial development
• Trade
• Tourism
• Panel data

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