Factors for the Underground Economy in G7 Countries

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 177 - 189, 30.04.2020

Hakan Kum

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.722582

Abstract

This study aims to determine the factors leading to the underground economy (UE) for G7 countries. During the 11-year period since the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the factors determined by the informal economy were investigated. For this reason, the analysis covers the years 2007-2017. Studies within the grouped country are extremely limited. To date, few studies have been carried out in the European Union, the European Euro Area and the developed countries, whose framework is unclear. The literature is in need of extensive research areas in this field. Within the scope of both developed countries, developing countries and underdeveloped countries, there are areas suitable for research and missing. Analyzes in accordance with newly developed techniques are also needed for determining variables. Especially in the determination of the variables in the MIMIC model, which is the most reliable method in the quantitative field, the use of new techniques should be an inevitable trend. In this respect, analyzing the variables to be selected in the models in terms of multiple connections is one of the most important elements that was not emphasized before. In the literature, there are studies both on country basis and within country groups. The literature is progressing mostly in the field of single country. MIMIC model was chosen as the method in the study. The results obtained show that the most important reason of UE in G7 countries is the external migration factor.

Keywords

Underground Economy, MIMIC Model, G7 Countries

G7 Ülkelerinde Kayıtdışı Ekonomiye Yol Açan Faktörler

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kayıtdışı ekonomiye yol açan faktörlerin G7 ülkeleri için belirlenmesini hedeflemektedir. 2007-2008 finansal krizinden itibaren geçen 12 yıllık süreç içerisinde, kayıtdışı ekonominin hangi faktörler tarafından belirlendiği araştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle analiz 2007-2017 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Gruplandırılmış ülke kapsamındaki çalışmalar son derece kısıtlıdır. Bugüne kadar Avrupa Birliği, Avrupa Euro Bölgesi ve çerçevesi tam belli olmayan Gelişmiş Ülkeler alanlarında az sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Literatür bu alanda oldukça geniş araştırma alanlarına muhtaç durumdadır. Hem gelişmiş ülkeler hem gelişmekte olan ülkeler hem de az gelişmiş ülkeler kapsamında araştırmaya uygun ve eksik alanlar bulunmaktadır. Değişkenlerin belirlenme konusunda da yeni geliştirilen tekniklere uygun analizlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle kantitatif alandaki en güvenilir metot olan MIMIC modeldeki değişkenlerin belirlenme aşamasında, yeni tekniklerin kullanılması kaçınılmaz bir eğilim olmalıdır. Bu yönüyle, modellerde seçilecek değişkenlerin çoklu bağlantı yönünden analiz edilmesi daha önceleri üzerinde çok durulmayan fakat en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Literatürde hem ülke bazında hem de ülke grupları kapsamında çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Literatür daha çok tekil ülke alanında ilerlemektedir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak MIMIC modeli seçilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, G7 ülkelerindeki KDE’nin en önemli nedeninin dış göç faktörü olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Kayıtdışı Ekonomi, MIMIC Model, G7 Ülkeleri

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