Covid-19 Salgınında Çok Taraflılık ve ABD Liderliği Sorunu

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: Özel Sayı, 257 - 268, 26.12.2020

Çağla Mavruk Cavlak

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.815863

Abstract

COVID-19 tüm dünyayı etkiledi ve sınırları dahi dikkate almadan küresel olarak yayıldı. Pandeminin küresel ekonomi, uluslararası politika ve toplumlar üzerinde büyük etkileri vardır. Bu süreç, küresel bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıksada, devletler içe döndüler, ulusal çözümler önerdiler ve küresel bir tepkiyi koordine etmekte başarısız oldular. Potansiyel güç kapasitesi olarak uluslararası sistemdeki en güçlü devlet olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin pandemi sürecinde kolektif uluslararası çabalara önderlik etmesi ve bunun yanı sıra kolektif eylem sorununu da çözmesi beklenmektedir. Fakat Trump yönetimi küresel liderlik rolünü yerine getirememiştir. Egemen liderlik teorileri ve Egemen İstikrar Teorisi’nden yola çıkarak, bu çalışma Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin COVID-19 sürecindeki küresel rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Her ne kadar klasik realizm ulusal çıkarların devletlerin dış politikalarının belirleyici unsuru olduğunu belirtse de, egemen güçlerin kendi sınırlarının ötesinde sorumlulukları vardır. Pandemi süreci, egemen gücün ana sorumluluğunu üstlenmesini ve COVID-19’un etkilerini azaltmak için kolektif bir yanıta liderlik etmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu iddiaya dayanarak, bu çalışma ABD Başkanı Donald Trump’ın Önce Amerika (America First) doktrininin dış politikada çok taraflılığa bağlı kalmasını ve kolektif bir eylemi organize etmesini başarısız kılmıştır, bu da Amerikan küresel liderliğini riske atmaktadır.

Keywords

Çok taraflılık, Küresel Yönetişim, Dış Politika, Amerikan Küresel Liderliği, COVID-19

Multilateralism and The Question of U.S. Leadership Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications on the global economy, international politics and societies. Even though the pandemic is a global issue, states have turned inwards, proposed national solutions and have failed to coordinate a global response. The United States, as the predominant global power with its leading material capabilities has been expected to lead collective international effort and to solve collective action problems during the current pandemic. However, the Trump administration has been showing a lack of global leadership. Drawing on theories of hegemonic leadership and Hegemonic Stability Theory, this article focuses on the global role has been played by the United States during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas classical realism emphasizes that national interests are determinant of states’ foreign policies, dominant powers have responsibilities beyond their nations. The pandemic demands the dominant power to bear the main responsibility and lead a collective response to mitigate impacts of COVID-19. Based on this claim, this paper argues that U.S President Donald Trump’s America First approach failed the United States to commit to multilateralism and to organize a collective action in response to the pandemic which in turn has put U.S. global leadership at stake.

Keywords

U.S. Global Leadership, COVID-19, Multilateralism, International Governance, Foreign Policy, U.S. Global Leadership, COVID-19

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