Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Which One to Use First?
Abstract
There exist differences between the use of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analysis at scale adaptation or development studies. The order of factor analysis used would cause the discrepancy in the results. Besides, multiple confirmatory factor analysis would fit well on a single data set. In this study, simulated data sets were fitted to three different models. Based on the results 64% of the data sets fit well on all three models. Also, a different data set was fit both on a confirmatory and an exploratory factor analysis. The result showed that confirmatory factor analyses were not sufficient to detect the best fitting model.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Fatih Orcan
*
0000-0003-1727-0456
Türkiye
Publication Date
December 28, 2018
Submission Date
February 13, 2018
Acceptance Date
September 28, 2018
Published in Issue
Year 2018 Volume: 9 Number: 4
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https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1281203Oyun Deneyimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği: Metodolojik Bir Çalışma
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1319460Establishing the characteristics of mental toughness among construction professionals
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management
https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2023-0751Assessing disorganized attachment in Mexican individuals with psychosis-risk symptoms: initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish version of the revised Psychosis Attachment Measure
Psychosis
https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2024.2335211Profiles of Professional Wellbeing and Turnover Intentions Among Australian Early Childhood Educators
Early Education and Development
https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2024.2336434Psychometric properties of the Turkish reduced morningness and eveningness questionnaire
Chronobiology International
https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2339964Reduce, reuse, recycle: circular economic principles, sustainability and entrepreneurship in developing ecosystems
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development
https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2023-0009ALGILANAN KİŞİSELLEŞTİRMENİN MARKA KULLANIM NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Akademik Hassasiyetler
https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1406435Çevik liderlik, mesleki öz yeterlilik, yaratıcılık ve işe gömülmüşlük ilişkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracı rolü
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1446523Mesleki Eğitime Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1385225Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Multidimensional Subjective Financial Well-Being Scale in Brazilian Adults
Journal of Family and Economic Issues
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-024-09965-9Navigating virtual english learning horizons: a study on students’ use of 360° videos in self-directed learning
Education and Information Technologies
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12788-8Development and validation of the Companion Animals Self-Expansion Scale
Human-Animal Interactions
https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2024.0020The Development, Validity, and Reliability Study of Teacher Collaboration Skills Scale
Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1416522Creation and validation of the online self-disclosure via educational platforms scale
Journal of Digital Educational Technology
https://doi.org/10.30935/jdet/14789Barriers and facilitators to research data sharing: a lifecycle perspective
Journal of Documentation
https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-03-2024-0048IPO underpricing: a comparative analysis of risk factor disclosures in the financial and non-financial sectors
The Bottom Line
https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-04-2023-0123Factors affecting Ethiopian Consumers’ Attitudes towards Purchasing Locally Produced Apparel: An Empirical Study
Journal of Consumer Sciences
https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.9.2.226-246How Motives to Use Short Video Platforms Drive Negative Effects: A Second-Order Factor Structural Model
Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-024-00432-8Uzaktan Eğitim Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1429562Covid-19 Döneminde Akademisyenlerin Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği (AKUZET): Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.1317808DEVELOPING CHEMISTRY PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) THROUGH THE LEARNING BY COLLABORATIVE DESIGN (LBCD) CURRICULUM MODEL
Journal of Baltic Science Education
https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/24.23.615Design and validation of the multidimensional self-care scale in university students
South Florida Journal of Development
https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n8-004Modeling Airline Choice Behavior Based on Observed and Latent Variables Using Structural Equation Modeling and Multinomial Logit-Factor Analysis Hybrid Approach
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01568-6Reproductive Autonomy Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study
Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1369040Tree diversity drives understory carbon storage rather than overstory carbon storage across forest types
Journal of Forestry Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01776-wTurkish Validity and Reliability of Oral Health Impact on Daily Life Questionnaire in Endodontic Patients
Medical Records
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1496775Development and validation of a higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) scale for major students in the interior design discipline for blended learning
Scientific Reports
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70908-3English as Additional Language (EAL) Status as a Determinant of Learning Environment, Attitudes and Achievement
World Studies in Education
https://doi.org/10.7459/wse/240106Örgütsel Muhalefet ve Örgütsel Yaratıcılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1485536BİTKİ FARKINDALIĞI EŞİTSİZLİK İNDEKSİNİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI
EKEV Akademi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1497332Unveiling the intersection of technology and pedagogy: a domain-specific exploration for developing religious moderation content with an exploratory and Rasch Perspective
British Journal of Religious Education
https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2024.2427303Bilge liderliğin otel çalışanlarının yaratıcılığı üzerindeki etkisinde değişime bağlılığın aracılık rolü
Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1565330THE IMPACT OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS’ EQUITY DIVERSIFICATION DECISIONS: A STUDY OF INDIAN STOCK MARKET
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT & SOCIAL SCIENCE
https://doi.org/10.62823/IJARCMSS/7.4(I).7022Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Fear Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)
Pain Research and Management
https://doi.org/10.1155/prm/7966689Tokenism Perception Scale: Validity and Reliability Study
Participatory Educational Research
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.25.5.12.1Longitudinal reciprocal relations between general basic psychological need satisfaction, social support, and academic engagement among Chinese adolescents
Social Psychology of Education
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-024-09978-0Factors influencing blended learning acceptance in Algerian higher education: a comprehensive analysis
Library Hi Tech
https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-04-2024-0243Program quality instrument for youth (PQI-youth): validation of a brief, self-report measure
Applied Developmental Science
https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2024.2435383Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Acute Stroke Management Questionnaire
Brain and Behavior
https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70191Kur’ân-ı Kerîm Öğretimine Yönelik Öz Yeterlik İnancı Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1525445Examination of Scales for Test Anxiety with Thematic Content Analysis
Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1526461TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE PATIENT PARTICIPATION SCALE
Karya Journal of Health Science
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1469503Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practice of Ethiopian Textile and Apparel Manufacturing Industry
Journal of Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1155/je/2137463Örgütsel Değişim ve Psikolojik Belirsizlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması
İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1478457Problematic Digital Technology Use Scale Among University Students: A Validity and Reliability Study
Yuksekogretim Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1454547Tip 1 Diyabeti Olan Çocuğun Bakım Vericilerinin Ekonomik Yükü Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1527900Okul Öncesi Öğretmenleri İçin Öğretim Stratejileri ve Yöntemleri Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi
Yaşadıkça Eğitim
https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2025391817Patient safety attitude scale in dentistry: development and validation study in Türkiye
BMC Oral Health
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05582-6Customer Acceptance of Guest Room Technologies: The Moderating Role of Demographic Factors and Technostress
International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration
https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2025.2481633The Societal Acceptance of People Living with HIV (SAPH) Scale in Indonesia: a psychometric analysis
Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services
https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2025.2474981Adaptation of the Active Empathic Listening Scale to Turkish Culture
ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (ODÜSOBİAD)
https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1515837Çevrim İçi Öğrenci Katılım Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Asya Studies
https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1536337Study of the adapting the employee advocacy role perception scale into Turkish
ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (ODÜSOBİAD)
https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1460139The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Men (SSS-M)
Yeni Üroloji Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33719/yud.2023;18-2-1196628Ortaokul Öğrencileri İçin Deprem Farkındalığı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1610681Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Nursing Students' Rights Awareness Scale in Clinical Practice
Journal of Nursology
https://doi.org/10.17049/jnursology.1419257Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Terapötik İletişim Ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1557430Investigating the component structure of the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales for people with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD)
International Journal of Social Psychiatry
https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251323819A Spanish-language Adaptation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives Among Mexican and Mexican-American Adults Who Smoke
Nicotine and Tobacco Research
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf042Mcgill Empowerment Assessment-Diabetes Questionnaire: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1517554Diderot Etkisi Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1594266Hemşirelik Uygulamalarında Öz Farkındalık Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1519365İnsülin Uygulama Yöntemi Memnuniyet Anketi’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışmasına İlişkin Psikometrik Bir Analiz
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1490607Development Reliability and Validity of the Self-Reflection Scale for Health Sciences Students
Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.54189/hbd.1551247Social Media Interaction Motivation Scale: Development and Relations with Fear of Missing Out, Phubbing, Social Media Disorder, Gender and Time Spent
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2505781Sport-specific relationship problems: Turkish adaptation of an evaluation method
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01170-xValidity and reliability study of the school technology leadership scale according to teachers’ perceptions
International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1548724Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the type 1 diabetes distress scale
Primary Care Diabetes
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2025.05.001Short Breast Health Perception Questionnaire: Turkish validity and reliability study
Anatolian Journal of Health Research
https://doi.org/10.61534/anatoljhr.1510235Bilişsel Buradalık Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması ve Psikometrik Özellikleri
Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1610345Psychometric properties of the Italian Beliefs About Losing Control Inventory (BALCI-IT) and its associations with related constructs
PLOS Mental Health
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000325Compassion Questionnaires Revised: Scales Development and Validation
Assessment
https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911251337185The role of perceived religiosity in strengthening celebrity endorser’s credibility dimensions
Cogent Business & Management
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1956066Comparative Analysis of Online Interdisciplinary Teaching Tools for Industrial Design Education
Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1630402Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire (FMCBQ) among Turkish Parents
Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1570284Development and validation of the perceived compassion scale: a reliable tool for assessing patient-centered nursing care
BMC Nursing
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03290-8Caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care scale: Psychometric testing in a population of caregivers of Parkinson's disease in the Republic of Korea
Applied Nursing Research
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151981INTERNET SKILLS: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY
Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1620507Pengembangan dan Validasi Skala Ḥusn al-Ẓann (HZS-7)
Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami
https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v10i2.22588Öğrencilerin Gözlem Becerileri Ölçeği: Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması
Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1670120Development and validation of a teacher agreement scale based on the accreditation standard for quality school governance (ASQSG) by NABET
Multidisciplinary Reviews
https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025416The relationship between healthcare workers’ perceptions of epidemic management and manager support in a healthcare institution during the COVID-19 pandemic: scale development study
Frontiers in Public Health
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1477961Turkish adaptation of the clinical reasoning evaluation simulation tool (CREST-TR): a validity and reliability study
BMC Nursing
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03503-0Entrepreneurship pedagogical content knowledge (E-PCK): A scale development study
International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1551047Dimensions of artificial intelligence acceptance among pre-service EFL teachers: exploring usability, usefulness, social norms, ethics and intentions using ChatGPT
The Electronic Library
https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-12-2024-0391Development of the Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Incarcerated Patients Scale: A Psychometric Study
International Nursing Review
https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.70086Development and validation of a design process assessment scale for architectural design studios
International Journal of Technology and Design Education
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-025-10024-zSosyal Medya Yorgunluğu ile Can Sıkıntısı ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişki: Üniversite Gençliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Erciyes İletişim Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1631084A validity and reliability study of the performance appraisal motivation scale in a Turkish sample
BMC Nursing
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03671-zArabic translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation of the satisfaction survey for inflatable penile implant: The SSIPI-AR
Arab Journal of Urology
https://doi.org/10.1080/20905998.2026.2648366Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Methodological Study
Breast Care
https://doi.org/10.1159/000550063Psychometric Evaluation of Turkish Versions of the Perceived Control in Childbirth Scale and the Satisfaction With Childbirth Scale in Turkish Women
International Journal of Nursing Practice
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.70108SİSİVET ŞİDDET TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1682049Gençler için Dijital ve Geleneksel Siyasi Katılım Ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması
Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1827152Development and Psychometric Properties of the Diarrhea Management Scale for Mothers (DiMaM)
Maternal and Child Health Journal
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-025-04176-6Depression phenotypes informed by the RDoC framework using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: A retrospective study in Peru
Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.007Development and psychometric evaluation of the artificial intelligence ethical awareness scale
Ethics & Behavior
https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2025.2595433Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1754090The Impact of Technology-Supported Teaching on Primary School Students' Attitudes Towards Mathematics
Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.1723997Adopting Mindfulness During Worship Scale as the Khusyu’ Measurement for Indonesian Muslims
Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v10i2.11345Takım Yaratıcılık Özyeterlik Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması
Artuklu Humanities
https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1735494Development and validation of a premenstrual symptom screening tool for working women in relation to absenteeism
BMC Women's Health
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-04092-5Unveiling the socio contextual triggers of smokeless tobacco use among blue collar workers: implications for workplace health and policy
Scientific Reports
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-24275-2Koruyucu Aileliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1658366Psychological Flexibility Scale: Validity and Reliability Study
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.1660097Sosyal Çevrenin Algılanan Kaliteye Etkisinde Marka Algısının ve Fiyat-Kalite İlişkisinin Aracılık Rolü
Sosyoekonomi
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.04.18Küresel İklim Değişikliği Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirme: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1549159The manifestation of global identity among international students in Japan
Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education
https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.24011.menPreservation of Vernacular Cultural Landscape and Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study from the Western Carpatho-Balkan Region
Heritage
https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120493Assessing food label literacy: development and validation of a psychometric scale for adults
Nutrition & Food Science
https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-02-2025-0039Construct Validity of the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) in a Peruvian Sample During COVID-19 Lockdown and its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression Using Structural Equation Modeling
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed.)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2025.10.002Tüketici Bilgeliği Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1631932Overcoming barriers to the adoption of innovative sustainable construction materials in a developing economy
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment
https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-05-2025-0289Adaptation of the basic resuscitation skills self-efficacy scale in nursing students to Turkish : a validity and reliability study
BMC Medical Education
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-08011-yDeveloping a Health System Literacy Measure for Chinese Immigrants in Canada: Adapting the HLS19–NAV Scale
Healthcare
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13192410Development and Validation of the Awareness Scale for Physiotherapy in Individuals with Breast Cancer
Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2773-4854Dijital Gözler Altında: Sosyal Medya Çağında İnsanların Görüşlerinden Korkma (FoPO) Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1613727CQA-18: 18-Item Compassion Questionnaire for Animals
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2025.2564976The Impact of Intergenerational Social Support on Psychological Resilience in Rural Elderly: A Mediation of Filial Piety Expectations and Self-Efficacy
Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice
https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2025.2601886Effectiveness and learning outcomes of hybrid learning in Malaysian undergraduate courses
Asian Education and Development Studies
https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-07-2024-0157Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study
Journal of Aviation
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1789626Kontrolü Kaybetmeye İlişkin İnançlar Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1657987ADAPTATION OF THE TEACHER DIGITAL COMPETENCE SCALE TO PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama
https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1702688Örgün Eğitimle Birlikte Hafızlığa Yönelik Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Bilimname
https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.1688800Development and Validation of the Limerence Questionnaire (LQ-11)
Psychological Reports
https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251394980Adaptation of the Parental Attachment Recognition Scale to Turkish Culture
Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.1517045QUANTITATIVE ANALYZE OF BOTH RELATION BETWEEN TALENT MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AND MOTIVATION’S MEDIATION ON THAT RELATION
Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1555314