Research Article
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Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Which One to Use First?

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 414 - 421, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.394323

Abstract

There exist differences between the use of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analysis at scale adaptation or development studies. The order of factor analysis used would cause the discrepancy in the results. Besides, multiple confirmatory factor analysis would fit well on a single data set. In this study, simulated data sets were fitted to three different models. Based on the results 64% of the data sets fit well on all three models. Also, a different data set was fit both on a confirmatory and an exploratory factor analysis. The result showed that confirmatory factor analyses were not sufficient to detect the best fitting model.

References

  • Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2010). Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Ed.) The Reviewer's Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 93-114). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, W. S., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical Considerations for Using Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18 (6), 1-13.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yöntemleri, 32, 470-483.
  • Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most from Your Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10 (7), 1-8.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the Use of Explanatory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research. Psychological Methods, 4 (3), 272-299.
  • Güvendir, M. A. & Özkan, Y. Ö. (2015). Türkiye'deki Eğitim Alanında Yayımlanan Bilimsel Dergilerde Ölçek Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Konulu Makalelerin İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14 (52), 23-33.
  • Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7 (2), 191-205.
  • Henson, R. K. & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 (3), 393-416.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
  • Hurley A. E., Scandura, T. A., Schriesheim, C. A., Brannick, M. T., Seers, A., Vanderberg, R. J., & Williams L. J. (1997). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Guidelines, Issues, and Alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 667-683.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Martin, C. R. & Newell, R. J. (2004). Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in individuals with facial disfigurement. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 9 (3), 327-336. DOI: 10.1080/13548500410001721891.
  • Muthén, B., &Muthén, L. (1998-2008). Mplus user's guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
  • Orçan, F. & Yang, Y., (2016). A Note on the Use of Item Parceling in Structural Equation Modeling with Missing Data. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 59-72. DOI: 10.21031/epod.88204.
  • Schmitt R. S. (2011). Current Methodological Considerations in Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29 (4), 304-321. DOI: 10.1177/0734282911406653.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Seçer, İ., Halmatov, S. & Gençdoğan (2013). Duygusal Tepkisellik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3 (1), 77-89.
  • Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17, 268-274.
  • Sperber, A. D. (2004). Translation and Validation of Study Instruments for Cross-Cultural Research. Gastroenterology, 126, 124–128. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.016.
  • van de Vijver, F. & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: an overview. Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée, 54, 119-135. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004

Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: İlk Hangisi Kullanılmalı?

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 414 - 421, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.394323

Abstract

Ölçek uyarlama veya geliştirme çalışmalarında Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı
Faktör Analizlerinin kullanımında farklılıklar oluşmaktadır.  Faktör analizlerinin kullanım sırası
sonuçların değişmesine sebep olabilir. Ayrıca, faklı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi
modelleri aynı veriye uyum sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada suni olarak oluşturulmuş
veri setleri üç farklı modele göre test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar göre veri
setlerinin %64’ü her üç modele göre de uyum göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bir
veri seti doğrulayıcı ve açımlayıcı faktör analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar
göstermiştir ki, sadece doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılması en iyi uyum
gösteren modelin belirlenmesinde yetersiz kalmıştır

References

  • Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2010). Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Ed.) The Reviewer's Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 93-114). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, W. S., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical Considerations for Using Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18 (6), 1-13.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yöntemleri, 32, 470-483.
  • Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most from Your Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10 (7), 1-8.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the Use of Explanatory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research. Psychological Methods, 4 (3), 272-299.
  • Güvendir, M. A. & Özkan, Y. Ö. (2015). Türkiye'deki Eğitim Alanında Yayımlanan Bilimsel Dergilerde Ölçek Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Konulu Makalelerin İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14 (52), 23-33.
  • Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7 (2), 191-205.
  • Henson, R. K. & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 (3), 393-416.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
  • Hurley A. E., Scandura, T. A., Schriesheim, C. A., Brannick, M. T., Seers, A., Vanderberg, R. J., & Williams L. J. (1997). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Guidelines, Issues, and Alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 667-683.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Martin, C. R. & Newell, R. J. (2004). Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in individuals with facial disfigurement. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 9 (3), 327-336. DOI: 10.1080/13548500410001721891.
  • Muthén, B., &Muthén, L. (1998-2008). Mplus user's guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
  • Orçan, F. & Yang, Y., (2016). A Note on the Use of Item Parceling in Structural Equation Modeling with Missing Data. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 7(1), 59-72. DOI: 10.21031/epod.88204.
  • Schmitt R. S. (2011). Current Methodological Considerations in Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29 (4), 304-321. DOI: 10.1177/0734282911406653.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Seçer, İ., Halmatov, S. & Gençdoğan (2013). Duygusal Tepkisellik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3 (1), 77-89.
  • Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17, 268-274.
  • Sperber, A. D. (2004). Translation and Validation of Study Instruments for Cross-Cultural Research. Gastroenterology, 126, 124–128. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.016.
  • van de Vijver, F. & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: an overview. Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée, 54, 119-135. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Orcan 0000-0003-1727-0456

Publication Date December 28, 2018
Acceptance Date September 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Orcan, F. (2018). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Which One to Use First?. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(4), 414-421. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.394323

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