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Analysis of Factors Affecting Individuals' Sources of Happiness with Multinomial Logistic Model

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 286 - 302, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.925631

Abstract

The happiness levels of individuals and their sources of happiness have been wondered a lot and researched from past to present. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect individuals' sources of happiness. The data set of the study was obtained from the Life Satisfaction Survey of the Turkish Statistical Institute. 9212 individuals were included in the study. In the study, chi-square independence tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the source of happiness and the independent variables included in the model, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors that may have an effect on the sources of happiness of individuals. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the factors of the individual's age, gender, marital status, educational status, satisfaction with income level, welfare level, life satisfaction, satisfaction with a social life are effective on sources of happiness. At such a time when it is clear that the coronavirus epidemic adversely affects many aspects of our lives, especially our psychology, and will leave a mark on our tomorrows, and the activities of decision-makers and policymakers are shed light through the study in order to increase the happiness of individuals and to ensure that the future will be better.

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References

  • Akın, H. B., & Şentürk, E. (2012). Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 10 (37) , 183-193.
  • Alkan, Ö., & Abar, H. (2020). Determination of factors influencing tobacco consumption in Turkey using categorical data analyses1. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 75(1), 27-35.
  • Alexandre, T. D. S., Cordeiro, R. C., & Ramos, L. R. (2009). Factors associated to quality of life in active elderly. Revista de saude publica, 43, 613-621.
  • Atay, B. (2012). Happiness in East Europe in comparison with Turkey. (Yüksek lisans Tezi). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ben-Akiva, M., & Bierlaire, M. (1999). Discrete choice methods and their applications to short term travel decisions. In Handbook of transportation science (pp. 5-33). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of public economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Bussière, C., Sirven, N., & Tessier, P. (2021). Does ageing alter the contribution of health to subjective well-being?. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113456-113465.
  • Bülbül, S., & Giray, S. (2011). Sosyodemografik Özellikler ile Mutluluk Algısı Arasındaki İlişki Yapısının Analizi. Ege Academic Review, 11(Special Issue), 113-123.
  • Carandang, R. R., Shibanuma, A., Asis, E., Chavez, D. C., Tuliao, M. T., & Jimba, M. (2020). “Are Filipinos Aging Well?”: Determinants of Subjective Well-Being among Senior Citizens of the Community-Based Engage Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7636-7649.
  • Chen, F., & Short, S. E. (2008). Household context and subjective well-being among the oldest old in China. Journal of family issues, 29(10), 1379-1403.
  • Çağlayan-Akay, E., & Timur, B. (2017). Kadınların ve erkeklerin mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörlerin genelleştirilmiş sıralı logit modeli ile analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 6(3), 88-105.
  • Çebi-Karaaslan, K., Çalmaşur, G., & Emre-Aysin, M. (2021). Bireylerin Yaşam Memnuniyetlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(1), 263-290.
  • Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R., & Oswald, A. (2003). The macroeconomics of happiness. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 809–827.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, M. (2009). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. In Culture and well-being (pp. 71-91). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Diener, E. (2016). Happiness: The science of subjective well-being. Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. DOI: https://doi. org/https://doi. org/nobaproject. com.
  • Diener, E., Sapyta, J. J., & Suh, E. (1998). Subjective well-being is essential to well-being. Psychological inquiry, 9(1), 33-37.
  • Diener, E., Suh, M. E., Lucas, E. R. ve Smith, H. (1999). “Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Duffrin, C., & Larsen, L. (2014). The effect of primary care fellowship training on career satisfaction, happiness and perceived stress. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1065), 377-382.
  • Ekici, T., & Koydemir, S. (2014). Social capital, government and democracy satisfaction, and happiness in Turkey: A comparison of surveys in 1999 and 2008. Social Indicators Research, 118(3), 1031-1053.
  • Elliot, M., Cullen, M., & Calitz, A. P. (2018). Happiness among South African private sector physiotherapists. The South African journal of physiotherapy, 74(1), 1-10.
  • Eren, K. A., & Aşıcı, A. A. (2017). The determinants of happiness in Turkey: Evidence from city-level data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 647-669.
  • Fernández-Ballesteros, R., Zamarrón, M. D., & Ruiz, M. A. (2001). The contribution of socio-demographic and psychosocial factors to life satisfaction. Ageing & Society, 2, 1-28.
  • Garrow, L. A. (2016). Discrete choice modelling and air travel demand: theory and applications. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Greene, W. H. (2002). Econometric analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Education India.
  • Greenstein, T. N. (2016). Gender, Marital Status, and Life Satisfaction: A Cross-National Study. In Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, in Seattle, USA [United States of America], on August (Vol. 21), 1-17.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme ve Türk hanehalkı için bazı sonuçlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214–233.
  • Kırcı-Çevik, N. K., & Korkmaz, O. (2014). Türkiye’de yaşam doyumu ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin iki değişkenli sıralı probit model analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 126-145.
  • Koppelman, F. S., & Wen, C. H. (1998). “Alternative nested logit models: structure, properties and estimation”. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 32(5), 289-298.
  • Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of Gerontology, 33(1), 109-125.
  • Lee, G. R., Seccombe, K., & Shehan, C. L. (1991). Marital status and personal happiness: An analysis of trend data. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 3(4), 839-844.
  • Lu, L. (2000). Gender and conjugal differences in happiness. The Journal of social psychology, 140(1), 132-141.
  • Miñarro, S., Reyes-García, V., Aswani, S., Selim, S., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., & Galbraith, E. D. Happy without money: Minimally monetized societies can exhibit high subjective well-being. PLOS ONE, 16(1), 1-15.
  • Mookherjee, H. N. (1997). Marital Status, Gender, and Perception of Weil-Being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 95-105.
  • Moyano-Diaz, E., Mendoza-Llanos, R., & Paez-Rovira, D. (2021). Psychological well-being and their relationship with different referents and sources of happiness in Chile. Revista de Psicología, 39(1), 162-182.
  • Muthuri, R. N. D. K., Senkubuge, F., & Hongoro, C. (2020). Determinants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: a systematic review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7(1), 1-14.
  • Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American psychologist, 55(1), 56-67.
  • Newman, J. P., Lurkin, V., & Garrow, L. A. (2018). “Computational methods for estimating multinomial, nested, and cross-nested logit models that account for semi-aggregate data”. Journal of choice modelling, 26, 28-40.
  • Ngamaba, K. H., Panagioti, M., & Armitage, C. J. (2017). How strongly related are health status and subjective well-being? Systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 27(5), 879-885.
  • Öndes, H. (2019). Türkiye’de mutluluk düzeyini etkileyen faktörler: mekânsal ekonometri analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(4), 1039-1064.
  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of happiness studies, 6(1), 25-41.
  • Pollock, N. C., Noser, A. E., Holden, C. J., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2015). Do Orientations to Happiness Mediate the Associations Between Personality Traits and Subjective Well-Being? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 713–729.
  • Schnepf, S. V. (2010). Gender differences in subjective well-being in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(1), 74-85.
  • Scorsolini-Comin, F., & Santos, M. A. D. (2011). Relations between subjective well-being and marital satisfaction on the approach of positive psychology. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 24(4), 658-665.
  • Selim, S. (2008). Türkiye’de bireysel mutluluk kaynağı olan değerler üzerine bir analiz: multinomial logit model. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 345-358.
  • Servet, O. (2017). Mutluluğun Türkiye’deki Belirleyenlerinin Zaman İçinde Değişimi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 17(35) , 16-42.
  • Shinan-Altman, S., Levkovich, I., & Dror, M. (2020). Are daily stressors associated with happiness in old age? The contribution of coping resources. International Journal of Gerontology, 14(4), 293-297.
  • Sirgy, M. J., & Cornwell, T. (2001). Further validation of the Sirgy et al.'s measure of community quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 56(2), 125-143.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute[TURKSTAT] (2021). Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Veenhoven, R. & Dumludağ, D. (2015). İktisat ve mutluluk. İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 58(2), 46-51.
  • Vijverberg, W. P. (2011). Testing for IIA with the Hausman-McFadden Test. IZA Discussion Papers 5826. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 1-52.
  • Winkelmann, R. (2005). Subjective well-being and the family: Results from an ordered probit model with multiple random effects. Empirical Economics, 30(3), 749-761.
  • Wood, W., Rhodes, N., & Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 286 - 302, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.925631

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Akın, H. B., & Şentürk, E. (2012). Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 10 (37) , 183-193.
  • Alkan, Ö., & Abar, H. (2020). Determination of factors influencing tobacco consumption in Turkey using categorical data analyses1. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 75(1), 27-35.
  • Alexandre, T. D. S., Cordeiro, R. C., & Ramos, L. R. (2009). Factors associated to quality of life in active elderly. Revista de saude publica, 43, 613-621.
  • Atay, B. (2012). Happiness in East Europe in comparison with Turkey. (Yüksek lisans Tezi). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ben-Akiva, M., & Bierlaire, M. (1999). Discrete choice methods and their applications to short term travel decisions. In Handbook of transportation science (pp. 5-33). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of public economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Bussière, C., Sirven, N., & Tessier, P. (2021). Does ageing alter the contribution of health to subjective well-being?. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113456-113465.
  • Bülbül, S., & Giray, S. (2011). Sosyodemografik Özellikler ile Mutluluk Algısı Arasındaki İlişki Yapısının Analizi. Ege Academic Review, 11(Special Issue), 113-123.
  • Carandang, R. R., Shibanuma, A., Asis, E., Chavez, D. C., Tuliao, M. T., & Jimba, M. (2020). “Are Filipinos Aging Well?”: Determinants of Subjective Well-Being among Senior Citizens of the Community-Based Engage Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7636-7649.
  • Chen, F., & Short, S. E. (2008). Household context and subjective well-being among the oldest old in China. Journal of family issues, 29(10), 1379-1403.
  • Çağlayan-Akay, E., & Timur, B. (2017). Kadınların ve erkeklerin mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörlerin genelleştirilmiş sıralı logit modeli ile analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 6(3), 88-105.
  • Çebi-Karaaslan, K., Çalmaşur, G., & Emre-Aysin, M. (2021). Bireylerin Yaşam Memnuniyetlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(1), 263-290.
  • Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R., & Oswald, A. (2003). The macroeconomics of happiness. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 809–827.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, M. (2009). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. In Culture and well-being (pp. 71-91). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Diener, E. (2016). Happiness: The science of subjective well-being. Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. DOI: https://doi. org/https://doi. org/nobaproject. com.
  • Diener, E., Sapyta, J. J., & Suh, E. (1998). Subjective well-being is essential to well-being. Psychological inquiry, 9(1), 33-37.
  • Diener, E., Suh, M. E., Lucas, E. R. ve Smith, H. (1999). “Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Duffrin, C., & Larsen, L. (2014). The effect of primary care fellowship training on career satisfaction, happiness and perceived stress. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1065), 377-382.
  • Ekici, T., & Koydemir, S. (2014). Social capital, government and democracy satisfaction, and happiness in Turkey: A comparison of surveys in 1999 and 2008. Social Indicators Research, 118(3), 1031-1053.
  • Elliot, M., Cullen, M., & Calitz, A. P. (2018). Happiness among South African private sector physiotherapists. The South African journal of physiotherapy, 74(1), 1-10.
  • Eren, K. A., & Aşıcı, A. A. (2017). The determinants of happiness in Turkey: Evidence from city-level data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 647-669.
  • Fernández-Ballesteros, R., Zamarrón, M. D., & Ruiz, M. A. (2001). The contribution of socio-demographic and psychosocial factors to life satisfaction. Ageing & Society, 2, 1-28.
  • Garrow, L. A. (2016). Discrete choice modelling and air travel demand: theory and applications. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Greene, W. H. (2002). Econometric analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Education India.
  • Greenstein, T. N. (2016). Gender, Marital Status, and Life Satisfaction: A Cross-National Study. In Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, in Seattle, USA [United States of America], on August (Vol. 21), 1-17.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme ve Türk hanehalkı için bazı sonuçlar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214–233.
  • Kırcı-Çevik, N. K., & Korkmaz, O. (2014). Türkiye’de yaşam doyumu ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin iki değişkenli sıralı probit model analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 126-145.
  • Koppelman, F. S., & Wen, C. H. (1998). “Alternative nested logit models: structure, properties and estimation”. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 32(5), 289-298.
  • Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of Gerontology, 33(1), 109-125.
  • Lee, G. R., Seccombe, K., & Shehan, C. L. (1991). Marital status and personal happiness: An analysis of trend data. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 3(4), 839-844.
  • Lu, L. (2000). Gender and conjugal differences in happiness. The Journal of social psychology, 140(1), 132-141.
  • Miñarro, S., Reyes-García, V., Aswani, S., Selim, S., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., & Galbraith, E. D. Happy without money: Minimally monetized societies can exhibit high subjective well-being. PLOS ONE, 16(1), 1-15.
  • Mookherjee, H. N. (1997). Marital Status, Gender, and Perception of Weil-Being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 95-105.
  • Moyano-Diaz, E., Mendoza-Llanos, R., & Paez-Rovira, D. (2021). Psychological well-being and their relationship with different referents and sources of happiness in Chile. Revista de Psicología, 39(1), 162-182.
  • Muthuri, R. N. D. K., Senkubuge, F., & Hongoro, C. (2020). Determinants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: a systematic review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7(1), 1-14.
  • Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American psychologist, 55(1), 56-67.
  • Newman, J. P., Lurkin, V., & Garrow, L. A. (2018). “Computational methods for estimating multinomial, nested, and cross-nested logit models that account for semi-aggregate data”. Journal of choice modelling, 26, 28-40.
  • Ngamaba, K. H., Panagioti, M., & Armitage, C. J. (2017). How strongly related are health status and subjective well-being? Systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 27(5), 879-885.
  • Öndes, H. (2019). Türkiye’de mutluluk düzeyini etkileyen faktörler: mekânsal ekonometri analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(4), 1039-1064.
  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of happiness studies, 6(1), 25-41.
  • Pollock, N. C., Noser, A. E., Holden, C. J., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2015). Do Orientations to Happiness Mediate the Associations Between Personality Traits and Subjective Well-Being? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 713–729.
  • Schnepf, S. V. (2010). Gender differences in subjective well-being in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(1), 74-85.
  • Scorsolini-Comin, F., & Santos, M. A. D. (2011). Relations between subjective well-being and marital satisfaction on the approach of positive psychology. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 24(4), 658-665.
  • Selim, S. (2008). Türkiye’de bireysel mutluluk kaynağı olan değerler üzerine bir analiz: multinomial logit model. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 345-358.
  • Servet, O. (2017). Mutluluğun Türkiye’deki Belirleyenlerinin Zaman İçinde Değişimi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 17(35) , 16-42.
  • Shinan-Altman, S., Levkovich, I., & Dror, M. (2020). Are daily stressors associated with happiness in old age? The contribution of coping resources. International Journal of Gerontology, 14(4), 293-297.
  • Sirgy, M. J., & Cornwell, T. (2001). Further validation of the Sirgy et al.'s measure of community quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 56(2), 125-143.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute[TURKSTAT] (2021). Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Veenhoven, R. & Dumludağ, D. (2015). İktisat ve mutluluk. İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 58(2), 46-51.
  • Vijverberg, W. P. (2011). Testing for IIA with the Hausman-McFadden Test. IZA Discussion Papers 5826. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 1-52.
  • Winkelmann, R. (2005). Subjective well-being and the family: Results from an ordered probit model with multiple random effects. Empirical Economics, 30(3), 749-761.
  • Wood, W., Rhodes, N., & Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kübranur Çebi Karaaslan 0000-0001-9288-017X

Project Number -
Publication Date September 29, 2021
Acceptance Date September 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çebi Karaaslan, K. (2021). Analysis of Factors Affecting Individuals’ Sources of Happiness with Multinomial Logistic Model. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 12(3), 286-302. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.925631