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Putting AI in Fair: A Framework for Equity in AI-driven Learner Models and Inclusive Assessments

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: Special Issue, 263 - 281, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1526527

Abstract

This paper delves into the critical role of learner models in educational assessment and includes a systematic review of recent literature on AI and K-12 education. This review brings to light gaps and opportunities in current practices and serves as a foundation for the Fair AI Framework, which centers on fairness and transformative justice, and aspires to influence AI applications to ensure they are inclusive of diverse learners. This paper concludes with a recommended path forward that underscores the critical importance of learner models in accessible, inclusive, equitable, and valid assessment for all learners.

References

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Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: Special Issue, 263 - 281, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1526527

Abstract

References

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  • Ali, S., DiPaola, D., Lee, I., Sindato, V., Kim, G., Blumofe, R., & Breazeal, C. (2021). Children as creators, thinkers and citizens in an AI-driven future. Computers and Education. Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100040-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100040
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  • Bulathwela, S., Pérez-Ortiz, M., Holloway, C., Cukurova, M., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence alone will Not democratise education: on educational inequality, techno-solutionism and inclusive tools. Sustainability, 16(2), 781-. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020781
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  • de Klerk, G. (2008). Cross-cultural testing. In M. Born, C.D. Foxcroft & R. Butter (Eds.), Online readings in testing and assessment, International Test Commission. http://www.intestcom.org/Publications/ORTA.php
  • Deshpande, D.S., Shanmugapriya, I., Choudhary, R.K., Patil, S.S., & Sing, A. (2023). An empirical study on the impact of artificial intelligence in education with reference to teaching and learning. Asian and Pacific Economic Review, 16(1), 1350-1355. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1234567
  • Dieterle, E., Dede, C., & Walker, M. (2024). The cyclical ethical effects of using artificial intelligence in education. AI & Society, 39(2), 633–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01497-w
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  • Ferrara, C., Sellitto, G., Ferrucci, F., Palomba, F., & De Lucia, A. (2023). Fairness-aware machine learning engineering: How far are we? Empirical Software Engineering, 29(9). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10664-023-10402-y
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  • Grover, S. (2024). Teaching AI to K-12 learners: Lessons, issues, and guidance. Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, March 20-23, Portland, OR. https://doi.org/10.1145/3626252.3630937
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  • Hammond, Z. L. (2015). Culturally responsive teaching and the brain. New York: Corwin Press.
  • Hansen, E.G., & Mislevy, R.J. (2008). Design patterns for improving accessibility for test takers with disabilities. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1111295.pdf
  • Hastings, P., Hughes, S., & Britt, M. A. (2018). Active learning for improving machine learning of student explanatory essays. Artificial Intelligence in Education, 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 93843-1_11
  • He, Q., & von Davier, M. (2016). Analyzing process data from problem-solving items with N-grams: Insights from a computer-based large-scale assessment CBA PIAAC NLP LSA. In Y. Rosen, S. Ferrara, & M. Mosharraf (Eds.). Handbook of Research on Technology Tools for Real-World Skill Development, Volume II. Hersey, PA: Information Science Reference, pp. 749-776.
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  • Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promise and implications for teaching and learning. Boston, MA: Center for Curriculum Redesign.
  • Holstein, K., McLaren, B.M., & Aleven, V. (2019). Co-designing a real-time classroom orchestration tool to support teacher-AI complementarity. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6(2). 27-52.
  • Ji, L-J., Zhang, Z., & Nisbett., R.E. (2004). Is it culture or is it language? Examination of language effects in crosscultural research on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 (1), 57-65.
  • Kulich, S.J. (2009). Values theory: Sociocultural dimensions and frameworks. In S.W. Littlejohn & K.A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Levine, R. (1997). A geography of time. New York: Basic Books.
  • Lewis, R.D. (2006). When cultures collide: Leading across cultures (3rd ed.). Boston: Nicholas Brealey International.
  • Li, L. (2022). A literature review of AI education for K-12. Canadian Journal for New Scholars in Education, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.5206/cjnse.v13i3.12345
  • Li, H., Gobert, J., Dickler, R., & Morad, N. (2018). Students' academic language use when constructing scientific explanations in an intelligent tutoring system. Artificial Intelligence in Education, 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93843-1_20
  • Marino, M. T., Vasquez, E., Dieker, L., Basham, J., & Blackorby, J. (2023). The future of artificial intelligence in special education technology. Journal of Special Education Technology, 38(3), 404-416.
  • Marion, S.F., & Pellegrino, J.W. (2006). A validity framework for evaluating the technical quality of alternate assessments. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 25 (4), 47-57.
  • Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R.E. (2001). Attending holistically vs. analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 922–934.
  • McDonald, J., & West, R.E. (2021). Design for learning: Principles, processes and praxis. EdTech Books, Provo, UT. https://edtechbooks.org/id
  • Michel, R., & Shyyan, V. (2024). Accessibility as a Core Value for Locally Responsive Assessments. [Manuscript in preparation] In Socioculturally Responsive Assessment: Implications for Theory, Measurement, and Systems-Level Policy. R.E. Bennett, L. Darling-Hammond, & A. Badrinarayan (Eds.). Routledge.
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  • Madaio, M., Blodgett, S. L., Mayfield, E., & Dixon-Román, E. (2024). Beyond "fairness:" Structural (in)justice lenses on AI for education. Microsoft Research. https://www.microsoft.com/research/publication/beyondfairness-structural-injustice-lenses-on-ai-for-education
  • Mislevy, R. J. (2004). A Brief Introduction to Evidence-Centered Design (Technical). Los Angeles: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED483399.pdf
  • Mizumoto, A. (2023). Data-driven learning meets generative AI: Introducing the framework of metacognitive resource use. Applied Corpus Linguistics, 3(3), 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acorp.2023.100074
  • Molle, D., Sato, E., Boals, T., & Hedgspeth, C.A. (Eds.) (2015). Multilingual learners and academic literacies: Sociocultural contexts of literacy development in adolescents. New York: Routledge.
  • Montenegro, E., & Jankowski, N.A. (2017). Equity and assessment: Moving towards culturally responsive assessment. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED574461.pdf
  • National Equity Project. (2024). Leading for equity framework. https://www.nationalequityproject.org/framework
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There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Testing, Assessment and Psychometrics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Edynn Sato 0000-0002-1706-6263

Vitaliy Shyyan This is me 0009-0006-5262-3180

Swati Chauhan This is me 0009-0001-1257-6328

Laurene Christensen This is me 0000-0002-2765-1810

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date August 1, 2024
Acceptance Date November 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 15 Issue: Special Issue

Cite

APA Sato, E., Shyyan, V., Chauhan, S., Christensen, L. (2024). Putting AI in Fair: A Framework for Equity in AI-driven Learner Models and Inclusive Assessments. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 15(Special Issue), 263-281. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1526527