Enhancing Connected Vehicle Security: Innovations in Two-Factor Authentication

Abstract

The automotive sector is undergoing profound changes with the advancement of technology, and connected vehicles represent one of the most notable examples. These vehicles, equipped with internet connectivity and communication capabilities with other devices, are becoming increasingly widespread. Consequently, they accumulate substantial amounts of data concerning drivers and their environments. However, this connectivity also brings about significant security concerns, particularly regarding the privacy and security of the metadata stored in these vehicles. Metadata encompasses diverse information about user activities, habits, location data, and personal preferences, making it an appealing target for potential attackers. Therefore, safeguarding the security of metadata in connected vehicles stands out as a primary concern for manufacturers. This study aims to surpass the two-factor authentication (2FA) systems developed to protect the metadata stored in connected vehicles. The system comprises two components: the Central Security Unit (CSU) and the AutoGuard (AG) mobile application. Integrated with the Remote Keyless Entry System (RKES), CSU initiates the 2FA process when the driver approaches the vehicle. Upon entering the second authentication factor (biometric, pattern, PIN code), successful authentication unlocks the vehicle doors via RKES, while failure prompts notification to the driver. To advance the 2FA system, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based communication system has been integrated between CSU and AG. This integration enhances communication between the two, making it more secure and energy efficient. Furthermore, it enables data exchange without the need for a network connection, ensuring a seamless user experience. These innovative communication features transcend the 2FA system by rendering communication between CSU and AG more reliable and flexible. Additionally, by integrating the phone's location into the authentication system, AG functionality can enhance the accuracy of the 2FA system, potentially using the phone's location as an additional authentication factor.

Keywords

• Metadata
• Two-factor authentication
• Connected vehicles
• Vehicle security
• Metadata
• Bluetoothlow energy

References

1. Karacali, H., Cebel, E., & Donum, N. (2024). Enhancing connected vehicle security: Innovations in two-factor authentication. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (EPSTEM), 27, 108-121.