The Importance of Disaster Management and Planning in Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Events: Thematic Trends in Postgraduate Theses in Türkiye

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents pose significant threats to public health and safety due to their potential for large-scale harm and rapid dissemination. This study aims to systematically analyze postgraduate theses conducted in Türkiye between 2009 and July 2025, identify thematic trends, and highlight critical gaps in current research. Key factors for effective CBRN disaster management identified in the theses include early warning systems, communication and coordination, education and preparedness, efficient use of resources, environmental impact mitigation, and comprehensive risk assessment. Additionally, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, regular practical training and realistic drills, periodic revision of disaster management plans, psychosocial support integration, and continuous environmental monitoring is emphasized. Findings underscore that systematic pre-disaster risk assessments significantly enhance preparedness and reduce damage. Results indicate increased academic attention, predominantly focusing on education, training, and preparedness, while operational, field-based studies remain limited. To address existing gaps, recommendations include strengthening practical training modules, increasing the frequency and realism of drills, enhancing inter-agency coordination, promoting standardization and integration of domestically developed technologies, and expanding qualitative, mixed-methods, and internationally comparative research. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to improving Türkiye’s overall resilience and preparedness capacity against CBRN threats.