Fabrication and Characterization of FeMnCo/Nanofiber for Radar Absorbing Material by Electrospinning

With the rapid advancement of modern radar technologies, the development of materials capable of attenuating or eliminating electromagnetic wave reflection has become a critical area of research in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and radar stealth engineering. These materials are not only essential for reducing radar detectability in military applications but also for safeguarding sensitive electronic systems and minimizing electromagnetic exposure in biological systems. This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of a high-performance radar absorbing material effective in the X-band and Ku-band frequency ranges, which are commonly used in advanced defense radar systems. A novel nanocomposite was developed by incorporating 40 wt% FeMnCo alloy particles into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix via electrospinning. The resulting nanofiber architecture exhibited a uniform, cross-linked network with fiber diameters ranging from 200 to 400 nm, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed uniform nanofiber formation and phase stability. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties were evaluated using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The composite exhibited broadband absorption behavior with reflection loss (RL) values below -20 dB across both the X and Ku bands, indicating excellent radar attenuation performance. A minimum RL of -67.59 dB was recorded at 15.40 GHz, demonstrating the material’s strong potential for stealth and EMI shielding applications. The findings highlight the synergistic effect of ferromagnetic FeMnCo alloy particles and the high surface area of the nanofibrous morphology in enhancing dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. This work contributes to the growing field of radar absorbing materials by offering a scalable and efficient approach to next-generation stealth technologies and electromagnetic protection systems. Future studies may focus on optimizing the composite’s thickness, multi-layer configurations, and environmental durability to further improve real-world applicability and longterm performance.