Human and Robot Employees in the Future of Businesses: An Evaluation in the Context of Society 5.0

Abstract

Within the Industry 4.0 paradigm, robotic technologies have been used intensively in business life and it has become inevitable to examine the strange interaction between human employees and robots from the framework of management science. The sense of pressure and uneasiness created by the digital age in human employees has brought motivation and performance problems to business life. However, the working principles of human employees and robots need to be resolved with interdisciplinary approaches. In this research which was carried out in the context of Society 5.0, the administrative and behavioral problems that may arise from the interaction of human and robot employees in the future enterprises were evaluated on a theoretical basis. Theoretical and application-based solutions were developed for the management-based, competence-based, psychological, sociological, and economic-based problems of human employees. It is expected that the research can contribute to the emergence of management strategies that can be used in the solution of problems caused by human and robot interaction, which are predicted to be experienced intensively in the businesses of the future.

Keywords

• Human Resource Management
• Society 5.0
• Strategy
• Industry 4.0

References

1. Adolph, S., Tisch, M. and Metternich, J. (2014). “Challenges and Approaches to competency development for future production”. Journal of International Scientific Publications–Educational Alternatives, 12(1), 1001-1010.
2. Arı, E. S. (2021). “Süper akıllı toplum: Toplum 5.0”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23 (1), 455-479.
3. Arslan, A., Cooper, C., Khan, Z., Golgeci, I. and Ali, I. (2021). “Artificial intelligence and human workers interaction at team level: a conceptual assessment of the challenges and potential HRM strategies”. International Journal of Manpower.
4. Baltrusch, S. J., Krause, F., de Vries, A. W., van Dijk, W. and de Looze, M. P. (2021). “What about the Human in Human Robot Collaboration? A literature review on HRC’s effects on aspects of job quality”. Ergonomics, 1-22.
5. Boyd, R. and Holton, R. J. (2018). “Technology, innovation, employment and power: Does robotics and artificial intelligence really mean social transformation?”. Journal of Sociology, 54(3), 331-345.
6. Brougham, D. and Haar, J. (2018). “Smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and algorithms (STARA): Employees’ perceptions of our future workplace”. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(2), 239-257.
7. Cohen, Y., Shoval, S. and Faccio, M. (2019). “Strategic view on cobot deployment in assembly 4.0 systems”. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 1519-1524.
8. Filizöz, B. ve Orhan, U. (2018). “İnsan kaynakları yönetimi bağlamında endüstri 4.0: Bir yazın çalışması”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 110-117.

9. Fujita, M., R. Kato, and A. Tamio. (2010). “Assessment of operators’ mental strain induced by hand-over motion of industrial robot Manipulator.” Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 361–366.
10. Gorecky, D., Schmitt, M., Loskyll, M. and Zühlke, D. (2014). “Human-machine-interaction in the industry 4.0 era”. In 2014 12th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) (pp. 289-294).
11. Hecklau, F., Galeitzke, M., Flachs, S. and Kohl, H. (2016). “Holistic approach for human resource management in Industry 4.0”. Procedia Cirp, 54, 1-6.
12. Ivanov, S. and Webster, C. (2020). “Robots in tourism: A research agenda for tourism economics”. Tourism Economics, 26(7), 1065-1085.
13. Keidanren (2018). Society 5.0- CoCreating the Future. Keidanren Policy & Action.https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/policy/2018/095_proposal.pdf, Erişim tarihi: (23.07.2021)
14. Keidanren (Japan Business Federation) (2016). “Toward realization of the new economy and society. Reform of the economy and society by the deepening of “Society 5.0”. Erişim tarihi: (23.07.2021), http://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/policy/2016/029_outline.pdf
15. Lenz, C., S. Nair, M. Rickert, A. Knoll, W. Rosel, J. Gast, A. Bannat, and F. Wallholff. (2008). “Joint-Action for Humans and Industrial Robots for Assembly Tasks.” Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 130–135.
16. Li, J. J., Bonn, M. A. and Ye, B. H. (2019). “Hotel employee's artificial intelligence and robotics awareness and its impact on turnover intention: The moderating roles of perceived organizational support and competitive psychological climate”. Tourism Management, 73, 172-181.
17. Libert, K., Mosconi, E. and Cadieux, N. (2020), “Human-machine interaction and human resource management perspective for collaborative robotics implementation and adoption”, Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
18. Mateus, J. E. C., Claeys, D., Limère, V., Cottyn, J. and Aghezzaf, E. H. (2019). “Ergonomic and performance factors for Human-robot collaborative workplace design and evaluation”. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2550-2555.
19. Mathieu J. E., Gilson L. L. ans Ruddy T.M. (2006). “Empowerment and team effectiveness: an empirical test of an integrated model”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91, No. 1, 97–108.
20. Moniz, A. B. and Krings, B. J. (2016). “Robots working with humans or humans working with robots? Searching for social dimensions in new human-robot interaction in industry”. Societies, 6(3), 23.
21. Okan Gökten, P. (2018). “Karanlıkta üretim: yeni çağda maliyetin kapsamı”. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 20(4), 880-897.
22. Onday O. (2019). “Japan's Society 5.0: Going beyond Industry 4.0”, Business and Economics Journal, X/2, 1-6.
23. Özgürel, G. (2021). “Turizmde robotlaşma: yiyecek-içecek sektöründe robot şefler ve robot garsonlar”. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(Yönetim ve Organizasyon Özel Sayısı), 1-1.
24. Pereira, A. C. ve F. Romero. (2017). “A review of the meanings and the implications of the industry 4.0 Ccncept”. Procedia Manufacturing, 13.
25. Potočan, V., Mulej, M. and Nedelko, Z. (2020). “Society 5.0: balancing of industry 4.0, economic advancement and social problems”. Kybernetes.
26. Rana, G. and Sharma, R. (2019). “Emerging human resource management practices in Industry 4.0”. Strategic HR Review.
27. Romero, D., Bernus, P., Noran, O., Stahre, J. and Fast-Berglund, Å. (2016). “The operator 4.0: Human cyber-physical systems & adaptive automation towards human-automation symbiosis work systems”. In IFIP international conference on advances in production management systems (pp. 677-686).
28. Saracel, N. ve Aksoy, I. (2020). “Toplum 5.0: süper akıllı toplum”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 26-34.
29. Sauppé, A. And Mutlu, B. (2015). “The social impact of a robot co-worker in industrial settings. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3613-3622).
30. Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H. and Li, Y. (2017). “Examining the feasibilities of Industry 4.0 for the hospitality sector with the lens of management practice”. Energies, 10(4), 499.
31. Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. and Locke, E. (2006). “Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficiacy, and, performance”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 6, 1239–1251.
32. Van Est, R. and Kools, L., Eds.. (2015). Working on the Robot Society; Rathenau Instituut: The Hague, The Netherlands.
33. Wilson, H.J. and Daugherty, P.R. (2018), “Collaborative intelligence: humans and AI are joining forces”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 96 No. 4, pp. 114-123.
34. Yankın, F. B. (2019). “Dijital dönüşüm sürecinde çalışma yaşamı”. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 1-38.