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The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Conflict in the Workplace

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 214 - 235, 21.09.2020

Abstract

Based on the fact that leaders cannot always be perfect, on the contrary, some leaders may pose a danger to their environment, and this study aims to reveal the effect of toxic leadership on work in the workplace. In line with this purpose, quantitative research was carried out covering the manufacturing enterprises employees in the TRB-1 region (Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli). According to the data collected by the survey method, it was concluded that toxic leadership increased the conflict in the workplace. Besides, it was observed that the adverse effects of toxic leadership increased as the employees’ tenure increased in their current jobs.

References

  • Aiken, L. S. and West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Appelbaum, S. H., & Roy‐Girard, D. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: Affect on organizations and employees. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(1), 17-28.
  • Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47(7), 755-778.
  • Bacal, R. (2000). Toxic organizations – welcome to the fire of an unhealthy workplace. http://work911.com/articles/toxicorgs.htm. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2020)
  • Bagozzi, R. P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
  • Caudron, S. (1999). Productive conflict has value. Workforce, 78(2), 25-27.
  • Ceylan, A., Ergün, E., & Alpkan, L. (2000). Çatışmanın sebepleri ve yönetimi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 1(2), 39-51.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. Boston: Routledge.
  • Cowan, D. (2003). Taking charge of organizational conflict: A guide to managing anger and confrontation. Personhood Press.
  • Çelebi, N., Güner, H., & Yıldız, V. (2015). Toksik liderlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 249-268.
  • Çiçek, B., & Kılınç, E. (2020). Teknostresin presenteizm ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde dönüşümcü liderliğin aracı rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 555-570.
  • De Clercq, D., & Belausteguigoitia, I. (2017). Overcoming the dark side of task conflict: Buffering roles of transformational leadership, tenacity, and passion for work. European Management Journal, 35(1), 78-90.
  • Di Genio, J. (2002). The toxic boss. Armed Forces Comptroller, Winter, 14-18.
  • Dictionary.Cambridge, (2020). dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/toxic. (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2020)
  • Doğan, S. (2016). Conflicts management model in school: A mixed design study. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(2), 200-219.
  • Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207–216.
  • Fisher, R. (2000). Sources of conflict and methods of conflict resolution. International Peace and Conflict Resolution, School of International Service, The American University.
  • Flynn, G. (1999). Stop toxic managers before they stop you! Workforce, 78(8), 40-46.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Giebels, E., & Janssen, O. (2005). Conflict stress and reduced well-being at work: The buffering effect of third-party help. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(2), 137-155.
  • Hair, J. F. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7. ed., Pearson new internat. ed). Harlow: Pearson.
  • Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169-180.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Indradevi, R. (2016). Toxic leadership over the years–a review. Purushartha-a Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 9(1), 106-110.
  • Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad Leadership: What it is, how it happens, why it matters. Harvard Business Press.
  • Kimura, H. (2003). Overcome toxic management. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 34(1), 26–29.
  • Lexico, (2020). https://www.lexico.com/definition/toxic, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2020).
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2011). Toxic leadership: A rejoinder, Representation, 47(3), 331-342
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2006). The allure of toxic leaders: Why we follow destructive bosses and corrupt politicians-and how we can survive them. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • Litterer, J. A. (1966). Conflict in Organization: A Re-Examination. Academy of Management Journal, 9(3), 178–186.
  • Mumford, K., & Smith, P. N. (2004). Job tenure in Britain: Employee characteristics versus workplace effects. Economica, 71(282), 275-297.
  • Pelletier, K. L. (2010). Leader toxicity: An empirical investigation of toxic behavior and rhetoric. Leadership. 6(4). 373–389.
  • Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military review, 84(4), 67-71.
  • Reed, G. E. (2015). Tarnished: Toxic leadership in the US military. Potomac Books, An imprint of the University of Nebraska Press.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale (Master's thesis). Maryland University: Maryland, USA.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2014). An examination of toxic leadership, job outcomes, and the impact of military deployment (Doctoral dissertation). Maryland University: Maryland, USA.
  • Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 102.
  • Swanström, N. L., & Weissmann, M. S. (2005). Conflict, conflict prevention, conflict management and beyond: A conceptual exploration. Concept paper. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS and Uppsala University.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Truhon, S. A. (2016). Toxic leadership. In negative leadership: International perspectives. Watola, D., & Woycheshin, D. (Edt.). Canadian Defence Academy Press.
  • Whicker, M. L. (1996). Toxic leaders: When organizations go bad. Praeger Publishers.
  • Williams, D. F. (2005). Toxic leadership in the US Army. Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks PA.
  • Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership Inc. www.transleadership.com (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2020).

The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Conflict in the Workplace

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 214 - 235, 21.09.2020

Abstract

Based on the fact that leaders cannot always be perfect, on the contrary, some leaders may pose a danger to their environment, and this study aims to reveal the effect of toxic leadership on work in the workplace. In line with this purpose, quantitative research was carried out covering the manufacturing enterprises employees in the TRB-1 region (Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli). According to the data collected by the survey method, it was concluded that toxic leadership increased the conflict in the workplace. Besides, it was observed that the adverse effects of toxic leadership increased as the employees’ tenure increased in their current jobs.

References

  • Aiken, L. S. and West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Appelbaum, S. H., & Roy‐Girard, D. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: Affect on organizations and employees. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(1), 17-28.
  • Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47(7), 755-778.
  • Bacal, R. (2000). Toxic organizations – welcome to the fire of an unhealthy workplace. http://work911.com/articles/toxicorgs.htm. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2020)
  • Bagozzi, R. P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
  • Caudron, S. (1999). Productive conflict has value. Workforce, 78(2), 25-27.
  • Ceylan, A., Ergün, E., & Alpkan, L. (2000). Çatışmanın sebepleri ve yönetimi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 1(2), 39-51.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. Boston: Routledge.
  • Cowan, D. (2003). Taking charge of organizational conflict: A guide to managing anger and confrontation. Personhood Press.
  • Çelebi, N., Güner, H., & Yıldız, V. (2015). Toksik liderlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 249-268.
  • Çiçek, B., & Kılınç, E. (2020). Teknostresin presenteizm ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde dönüşümcü liderliğin aracı rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(2), 555-570.
  • De Clercq, D., & Belausteguigoitia, I. (2017). Overcoming the dark side of task conflict: Buffering roles of transformational leadership, tenacity, and passion for work. European Management Journal, 35(1), 78-90.
  • Di Genio, J. (2002). The toxic boss. Armed Forces Comptroller, Winter, 14-18.
  • Dictionary.Cambridge, (2020). dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/toxic. (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2020)
  • Doğan, S. (2016). Conflicts management model in school: A mixed design study. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(2), 200-219.
  • Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207–216.
  • Fisher, R. (2000). Sources of conflict and methods of conflict resolution. International Peace and Conflict Resolution, School of International Service, The American University.
  • Flynn, G. (1999). Stop toxic managers before they stop you! Workforce, 78(8), 40-46.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Giebels, E., & Janssen, O. (2005). Conflict stress and reduced well-being at work: The buffering effect of third-party help. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(2), 137-155.
  • Hair, J. F. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7. ed., Pearson new internat. ed). Harlow: Pearson.
  • Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169-180.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Indradevi, R. (2016). Toxic leadership over the years–a review. Purushartha-a Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 9(1), 106-110.
  • Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad Leadership: What it is, how it happens, why it matters. Harvard Business Press.
  • Kimura, H. (2003). Overcome toxic management. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 34(1), 26–29.
  • Lexico, (2020). https://www.lexico.com/definition/toxic, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2020).
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2011). Toxic leadership: A rejoinder, Representation, 47(3), 331-342
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. (2006). The allure of toxic leaders: Why we follow destructive bosses and corrupt politicians-and how we can survive them. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • Litterer, J. A. (1966). Conflict in Organization: A Re-Examination. Academy of Management Journal, 9(3), 178–186.
  • Mumford, K., & Smith, P. N. (2004). Job tenure in Britain: Employee characteristics versus workplace effects. Economica, 71(282), 275-297.
  • Pelletier, K. L. (2010). Leader toxicity: An empirical investigation of toxic behavior and rhetoric. Leadership. 6(4). 373–389.
  • Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military review, 84(4), 67-71.
  • Reed, G. E. (2015). Tarnished: Toxic leadership in the US military. Potomac Books, An imprint of the University of Nebraska Press.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale (Master's thesis). Maryland University: Maryland, USA.
  • Schmidt, A. A. (2014). An examination of toxic leadership, job outcomes, and the impact of military deployment (Doctoral dissertation). Maryland University: Maryland, USA.
  • Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 102.
  • Swanström, N. L., & Weissmann, M. S. (2005). Conflict, conflict prevention, conflict management and beyond: A conceptual exploration. Concept paper. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS and Uppsala University.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Truhon, S. A. (2016). Toxic leadership. In negative leadership: International perspectives. Watola, D., & Woycheshin, D. (Edt.). Canadian Defence Academy Press.
  • Whicker, M. L. (1996). Toxic leaders: When organizations go bad. Praeger Publishers.
  • Williams, D. F. (2005). Toxic leadership in the US Army. Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks PA.
  • Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership Inc. www.transleadership.com (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2020).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Reseach Articles
Authors

Berat Çiçek 0000-0002-4584-5862

Vedat Almalı 0000-0003-2124-703X

Publication Date September 21, 2020
Acceptance Date August 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çiçek, B., & Almalı, V. (2020). The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Conflict in the Workplace. Ekinoks Ekonomi İşletme Ve Siyasal Çalışmalar Dergisi, 7(2), 214-235.


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