2008 Küresel Mali Krizi, Nedenleri ve Dünya Ekonomileri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 42 - 69, 21.03.2025

İbrahim Halil Uçar

Abstract

2008 küresel finans krizi, ekonomik istikrarı sarsmış, dünya genelindeki birçok ülke ve sektörü etkilemiş ve büyüme oranlarında düşüşlere, istihdam sorunlarına ve finansal kayıplara yol açmıştır. ABD, krizden en çok etkilenen ülkelerden biri olmuştur. ABD ekonomisi %2,46 küçülmüş, işsizlik %9,63’e yükselmiş ve enflasyon dalgalanmalar yaşamıştır. Turizm sektörü ciddi şekilde etkilenmiş; 2009’da uluslararası turist sayısı %5,3 azalmış, turizm gelirleri ise %14,6 düşmüştür. Latin Amerika’da da benzer etkiler gözlemlenmiştir; ABD ile yakın ticari ilişkiler içinde olan bu bölgedeki ticaret, emtia fiyatları ve yatırımlar büyük ölçüde azalmış, Meksika’nın GSYİH’si %6,29 küçülmüştür. İşsizlik oranları artmış, Şili en düşük, Uruguay ise en yüksek enflasyona sahip olmuştur. Avrupa’da kriz, bankacılık sistemi ve istihdamda önemli bir bozulmaya yol açmıştır. Euro bölgesinde işsizlik oranı %9,9’a, İspanya’da ise %18,2’ye yükselmiştir. Turizm sektörü de darbe almış; turist sayısı %5,6 azalmış, gelirler ise %12,9 düşmüştür. Çin’de büyüme hızı %5 yavaşlamış, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar %42 azalmış ve turist sayısı %4,1 düşmüştür. Doğu Asya ve Pasifik bölgesinde ise GDP büyümesi %2,56’ya gerilemiş, yabancı yatırımlar %26 azalmış ve turizm gelirleri %2,9 düşüş göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, 2008 küresel finans krizi, finansal sistemdeki zayıflıkları ortaya çıkarmış ve küresel iş birliği ile reform ihtiyacını vurgulamıştır.

Keywords

Küresel Finans Krizi, makroekonomik Etkiler, Uluslararası Ticaret

2008 Global Financial Crisis, Its Causes and Its Impact on World Economies

Abstract

The 2008 global financial crisis had disrupted economic stability, affecting countries and sectors worldwide, leading to declines in growth, employment issues, and financial losses. The United States had been one of the countries most affected by the crisis. The US economy had contracted by 2.46%, unemployment had risen to 9.63%, and inflation had experienced fluctuations. The tourism sector had been severely impacted; in 2009, the number of international tourists had decreased by 5.3%, and tourism revenues had dropped by 14.6%. Similar effects had been observed in Latin America, which had close trade relations with the U.S. Trade, commodity prices, and investments in the region had significantly declined, with Mexico's GDP having shrunk by 6.29%. Unemployment rates had risen, while Chile had experienced the lowest and Uruguay the highest inflation rates. In Europe, the crisis had caused a significant deterioration in the banking system and employment. Unemployment rates had risen to 9.9% in the Eurozone and 18.2% in Spain. The tourism sector had also been hit hard, with tourist numbers having decreased by 5.6% and revenues having fallen by 12.9%. In China, the growth rate had slowed by 5%, foreign direct investments had fallen by 42%, and the number of tourists had decreased by 4.1%. In the East Asia and Pacific region, GDP growth had declined to 2.56%, foreign investments had dropped by 26%, and tourism revenues had decreased by 2.9%. As a result, it can be said that the crisis had exposed weaknesses in the financial system and had highlighted the need for global cooperation and reform.

Keywords

Global Financial Crisis, Macroeconomic Impacts, International Trade, International Tourism

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