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The Effect of Initial Periodontal Treatment on Salivary IL-6 and IL-17 Levels in Stage 3 Grade B Periodontitis Patients

Year 2023, , 59 - 64, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.46

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to establish the effect of initial periodontal treatment on salivary interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 levels in Stage 3 Grade B periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods
The study population consisted of systemically healthy, 10 periodontally healthy and 10 Stage 3 Grade B periodontitis individuals. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment levels were recorded before and 3 months after the treatment. Four sessions of initial periodontal treatment was performed to periodontitis patients. Saliva samples were collected before and 3 months after treatment from periodontitis patients and once from healthy group. Salivary IL-6 and IL-17 levels were determined by ELISA.
Results
At the beginning all clinical parameters were statistically higher in periodontitis group than the healthy group (p0,05). All of the clinical parameters are decreased significantly after treatment in periodontitis group (p0,05). There was a statistically significant decrease in IL-6 and IL-17 level after treatment in Stage 3 Grade B periodontitis group (p0,05).
Conclusion
The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 which are higher in periodontitis group than healthy individuals decrease by the positive effects of initial periodontal treatment. This finding suggests that IL-6 and IL-17 can be used as markers for periodontal disease.

References

  • Al-Hamoudi N, Abduljabbar T, Mirza S, Al-Sowygh ZH, Vohra F, Javed F, Akram Z. Non-surgical periodontal therapy reduces salivary adipocytokines in chronic periodontitis patients with and without obesity. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018;9(2):e12314.
  • Azman R, Lappin DF, MacPherson A, Riggio M, Robertson D, Hodge P, Ramage G, Culshaw S, Preshaw PM, Taylor J. Clinical associations between IL-17 family cytokines and periodontitis and potential differential roles for IL-17A and IL-17E in periodontal immunity. Inflammation research. 2014;63(12):1001-12.
  • Bajaj JS, Matin P, White MB, Fagan A, Deeb JG, Acharya C, Dalmet SS, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM, Sahingur SE. Periodontal therapy favorably modulates the oral-gut-hepatic axis in cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018;315(5):G824-g37.
  • Becerik S, Öztürk VÖ, Atmaca H, Atilla G, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma acute‐phase cytokine levels in different periodontal diseases. Journal of periodontology. 2012;83(10):1304-13.
  • Cardoso C, Garlet G, Crippa G, Rosa A, Junior W, Rossi M, Silva J. Evidence of the presence of T helper type 17 cells in chronic lesions of human periodontal disease. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2009;24(1):1-6.
  • Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2014;64(1):57-80.
  • Cugini M, Haffajee A, Smith C, Kent Jr R, Socransky S. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12‐month results. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2000;27(1):30-36.
  • da Costa TA, Silva MJB, Alves PM, Chica JEL, Barcelos EZ, Giani MAA, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Rodrigues Júnior V, Rodrigues DBR. Inflammation biomarkers of advanced disease in nongingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015;2015.
  • Doğan GE, Toraman A, Şebin SÖ, Doğan Ç, Güngör A, Aksoy H, Asutay H. Salivary IL-6 and IL-10 levels in subjects with obesity and gingivitis. Am J Dent. 2016;29(5):261-5.
  • Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Fairlie K, Ferrandiz J, Nasri C, McKiernan M, Donnelly R, Gunsolley J. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha: a salivary biomarker of bone loss in a longitudinal cohort study of children at risk for aggressive periodontal disease? J Periodontol. 2009;80(1):106-13.
  • Garlet G. Destructive and protective roles of cytokines in periodontitis: a re-appraisal from host defense and tissue destruction viewpoints. Journal of dental research. 2010;89(12):1349-63.
  • Goswami J, Hernández‐Santos N, Zuniga LA, Gaffen SL. A bone‐protective role for IL‐17 receptor signaling in ovariectomy‐induced bone loss. European journal of immunology. 2009;39(10):2831-39.
  • Haffajee A, Cugini M, Dibart S, Smith C, Kent Jr R, Socransky S. The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1997;24(5):324-34. Hienz SA, Paliwal S, Ivanovski S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis. Journal of immunology research. 2015;2015.
  • Isaza-Guzmán D, Cardona-Vélez N, Gaviria-Correa D, Martínez-Pabón M, Castaño-Granada M, Tobón-Arroyave S. Association study between salivary levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, and IL-22 with chronic periodontitis. Archives of oral biology. 2015;60(1):91-99.
  • Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD. A review of longitudinal studies that compared periodontal therapies. Journal of periodontology. 1993;64(4):243-53.
  • Lin D, Li L, Sun Y, Wang W, Wang X, Ye Y, Chen X, Xu Y. Interleukin‐17 regulates the expressions of RANKL and OPG in human periodontal ligament cells via TRAF 6/TBK 1‐JNK/NF‐κB pathways. Immunology. 2015;144(3):472-85. Loe H, Silness J. PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. I. PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
  • Luo Z, Wang H, Chen J, Kang J, Sun Z, Wu Y. Overexpression and potential regulatory role of IL-17F in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Inflammation. 2015;38(3):978-86.
  • Mitani A, Niedbala W, Fujimura T, Mogi M, Miyamae S, Higuchi N, Abe A, Hishikawa T, Mizutani M, Ishihara Y. Increased expression of interleukin (IL)‐35 and IL‐17, but not IL‐27, in gingival tissues with chronic periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. 2015;86(2):301-09.
  • Oda T, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Porphyromonas gingivalis antigen preferentially stimulates T cells to express IL‐17 but not receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand in vitro. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2003;18(1):30-36.
  • Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Flemmig TF, Garcia R, Giannobile WV, Graziani F. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. Journal of periodontology. 2018;89:S173-S82.
  • Prakasam S, Srinivasan M. Evaluation of salivary biomarker profiles following non‐surgical management of chronic periodontitis. Oral diseases. 2014;20(2):171-77.
  • Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. The pro-and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 2011;1813(5):878-88.
  • Shibata M, Shintaku Y, Matsuzaki K, Uematsu S. The effect of IL‐17 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 2014;17(1):60-68.
  • Shyu K-G, Choy C-S, Wang DC-L, Huang W-C, Chen S-Y, Chen C-H, Lin C-T, Chang C-C, Huang Y-K. Change of scaling-induced proinflammatory cytokine on the clinical efficacy of periodontitis treatment. The Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015.
  • Silness J, Loe H. PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
  • Silvestre-Rangil J, Bagan L, Silvestre F-J, Martinez-Herrera M, Bagán J-V. Periodontal, salivary and IL-6 status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A cross-sectional study. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2017;22(5):e595.
  • Slade G, Offenbacher S, Beck J, Heiss G, Pankow J. Acute-phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population. Journal of dental research. 2000;79(1):49-57.
  • Takahashi K, Azuma T, Motohira H, Kinane D, Kitetsu S. The potential role of interleukin‐17 in the immunopathology of periodontal disease. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005;32(4):369-74.
  • Torumtay G, Kırzıoğlu FY, Öztürk Tonguç M, Kale B, Calapoğlu M, Orhan H. Effects of periodontal treatment on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Periodontal Res. 2016;51(4):489-98.
  • Tymkiw KD, Thunell DH, Johnson GK, Joly S, Burnell KK, Cavanaugh JE, Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM. Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2011;38(3):219-28.
  • Yang X, Li C, Pan Y. The influences of periodontal status and periodontal pathogen quantity on salivary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and interleukin‐17 levels. Journal of periodontology. 2016;87(5):591-600.
  • Yu JJ, Ruddy MJ, Wong GC, Sfintescu C, Baker PJ, Smith JB, Evans RT, Gaffen SL. An essential role for IL-17 in preventing pathogen-initiated bone destruction: recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed bone requires IL-17 receptor–dependent signals. Blood. 2007;109(9):3794-802.
  • Zhou SY, Duan XQ, Hu R, Ouyang XY. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in periodontitis subjects with stable coronary heart disease. Chin J Dent Res. 2013;16(2):145-51.

Evre 3 Derece B Periodontitis Hastalarında Başlangıç Periodontal Tedavinin Tükürük IL-6 ve IL-17 Seviyelerine Etkisi

Year 2023, , 59 - 64, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.46

Abstract

Amaç
Bu çalışmada Evre 3 Sınıf B periodontitis hastalarında başlangıç periodontal tedavinin klinik parametreler ve tükürük interlökin (IL)-6 ve IL-17 seviyelerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışma popülasyonunu sistemik sağlıklı, 10 periodontal sağlıklı ve 10 Evre 3 Sınıf B periodontitisli olmak üzere 20 birey oluşturdu. Tüm ağız plak indeks, gingival indeks, sondalama derinliği, sondalamada kanama ve klinik ataşman seviyesi tedavi öncesi ve 3 ay sonrası kaydedildi. Periodontitis grubuna 4 seans başlangıç periodontal tedavi uygulandı. Periodontitisli gruptan tedavi öncesi ve sonrası 3. ayda olmak üzere 2 kez, sağlıklı gruptan ise 1 kez tükürük örnekleri alındı. Bu örneklerdeki IL-6 ve IL-17 seviyeleri sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemi ile tespit edildi.
Bulgular
Evre 3 Sınıf B periodontitis hastalarının başlangıç klinik parametreleri sağlıklı gruba göre istatistiksel anlamlı yüksek bulundu (p0,05). Periodontitisli hastaların tedavi sonrası tüm parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma görüldü (p0,05). Periodontitisli hastaların başlangıç tükürük IL-6 ve IL-17 seviyeleri sağlıklı gruba göre anlamlı derecede yüksek (p0,05) tespit edilirken, tedavi sonrasında her iki biyobelirteç seviyesinde anlamlı azalma görüldü (p0,05).
Sonuç
Periodontitis hastalarında sağlıklı bireylere göre yüksek tespit edilen tükürük IL-6 ve IL-17 seviyesinin başlangıç periodontal tedavinin olumlu etkisiyle azalması, bu pro-enflamatuvar sitokinlerin periodontal hastalık belirteci olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

References

  • Al-Hamoudi N, Abduljabbar T, Mirza S, Al-Sowygh ZH, Vohra F, Javed F, Akram Z. Non-surgical periodontal therapy reduces salivary adipocytokines in chronic periodontitis patients with and without obesity. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018;9(2):e12314.
  • Azman R, Lappin DF, MacPherson A, Riggio M, Robertson D, Hodge P, Ramage G, Culshaw S, Preshaw PM, Taylor J. Clinical associations between IL-17 family cytokines and periodontitis and potential differential roles for IL-17A and IL-17E in periodontal immunity. Inflammation research. 2014;63(12):1001-12.
  • Bajaj JS, Matin P, White MB, Fagan A, Deeb JG, Acharya C, Dalmet SS, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM, Sahingur SE. Periodontal therapy favorably modulates the oral-gut-hepatic axis in cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018;315(5):G824-g37.
  • Becerik S, Öztürk VÖ, Atmaca H, Atilla G, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma acute‐phase cytokine levels in different periodontal diseases. Journal of periodontology. 2012;83(10):1304-13.
  • Cardoso C, Garlet G, Crippa G, Rosa A, Junior W, Rossi M, Silva J. Evidence of the presence of T helper type 17 cells in chronic lesions of human periodontal disease. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2009;24(1):1-6.
  • Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2014;64(1):57-80.
  • Cugini M, Haffajee A, Smith C, Kent Jr R, Socransky S. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12‐month results. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2000;27(1):30-36.
  • da Costa TA, Silva MJB, Alves PM, Chica JEL, Barcelos EZ, Giani MAA, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Rodrigues Júnior V, Rodrigues DBR. Inflammation biomarkers of advanced disease in nongingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015;2015.
  • Doğan GE, Toraman A, Şebin SÖ, Doğan Ç, Güngör A, Aksoy H, Asutay H. Salivary IL-6 and IL-10 levels in subjects with obesity and gingivitis. Am J Dent. 2016;29(5):261-5.
  • Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Fairlie K, Ferrandiz J, Nasri C, McKiernan M, Donnelly R, Gunsolley J. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha: a salivary biomarker of bone loss in a longitudinal cohort study of children at risk for aggressive periodontal disease? J Periodontol. 2009;80(1):106-13.
  • Garlet G. Destructive and protective roles of cytokines in periodontitis: a re-appraisal from host defense and tissue destruction viewpoints. Journal of dental research. 2010;89(12):1349-63.
  • Goswami J, Hernández‐Santos N, Zuniga LA, Gaffen SL. A bone‐protective role for IL‐17 receptor signaling in ovariectomy‐induced bone loss. European journal of immunology. 2009;39(10):2831-39.
  • Haffajee A, Cugini M, Dibart S, Smith C, Kent Jr R, Socransky S. The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1997;24(5):324-34. Hienz SA, Paliwal S, Ivanovski S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis. Journal of immunology research. 2015;2015.
  • Isaza-Guzmán D, Cardona-Vélez N, Gaviria-Correa D, Martínez-Pabón M, Castaño-Granada M, Tobón-Arroyave S. Association study between salivary levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, and IL-22 with chronic periodontitis. Archives of oral biology. 2015;60(1):91-99.
  • Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD. A review of longitudinal studies that compared periodontal therapies. Journal of periodontology. 1993;64(4):243-53.
  • Lin D, Li L, Sun Y, Wang W, Wang X, Ye Y, Chen X, Xu Y. Interleukin‐17 regulates the expressions of RANKL and OPG in human periodontal ligament cells via TRAF 6/TBK 1‐JNK/NF‐κB pathways. Immunology. 2015;144(3):472-85. Loe H, Silness J. PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. I. PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.
  • Luo Z, Wang H, Chen J, Kang J, Sun Z, Wu Y. Overexpression and potential regulatory role of IL-17F in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Inflammation. 2015;38(3):978-86.
  • Mitani A, Niedbala W, Fujimura T, Mogi M, Miyamae S, Higuchi N, Abe A, Hishikawa T, Mizutani M, Ishihara Y. Increased expression of interleukin (IL)‐35 and IL‐17, but not IL‐27, in gingival tissues with chronic periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. 2015;86(2):301-09.
  • Oda T, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Porphyromonas gingivalis antigen preferentially stimulates T cells to express IL‐17 but not receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand in vitro. Oral microbiology and immunology. 2003;18(1):30-36.
  • Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Flemmig TF, Garcia R, Giannobile WV, Graziani F. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. Journal of periodontology. 2018;89:S173-S82.
  • Prakasam S, Srinivasan M. Evaluation of salivary biomarker profiles following non‐surgical management of chronic periodontitis. Oral diseases. 2014;20(2):171-77.
  • Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. The pro-and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 2011;1813(5):878-88.
  • Shibata M, Shintaku Y, Matsuzaki K, Uematsu S. The effect of IL‐17 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 2014;17(1):60-68.
  • Shyu K-G, Choy C-S, Wang DC-L, Huang W-C, Chen S-Y, Chen C-H, Lin C-T, Chang C-C, Huang Y-K. Change of scaling-induced proinflammatory cytokine on the clinical efficacy of periodontitis treatment. The Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015.
  • Silness J, Loe H. PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
  • Silvestre-Rangil J, Bagan L, Silvestre F-J, Martinez-Herrera M, Bagán J-V. Periodontal, salivary and IL-6 status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A cross-sectional study. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2017;22(5):e595.
  • Slade G, Offenbacher S, Beck J, Heiss G, Pankow J. Acute-phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population. Journal of dental research. 2000;79(1):49-57.
  • Takahashi K, Azuma T, Motohira H, Kinane D, Kitetsu S. The potential role of interleukin‐17 in the immunopathology of periodontal disease. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005;32(4):369-74.
  • Torumtay G, Kırzıoğlu FY, Öztürk Tonguç M, Kale B, Calapoğlu M, Orhan H. Effects of periodontal treatment on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Periodontal Res. 2016;51(4):489-98.
  • Tymkiw KD, Thunell DH, Johnson GK, Joly S, Burnell KK, Cavanaugh JE, Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM. Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2011;38(3):219-28.
  • Yang X, Li C, Pan Y. The influences of periodontal status and periodontal pathogen quantity on salivary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and interleukin‐17 levels. Journal of periodontology. 2016;87(5):591-600.
  • Yu JJ, Ruddy MJ, Wong GC, Sfintescu C, Baker PJ, Smith JB, Evans RT, Gaffen SL. An essential role for IL-17 in preventing pathogen-initiated bone destruction: recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed bone requires IL-17 receptor–dependent signals. Blood. 2007;109(9):3794-802.
  • Zhou SY, Duan XQ, Hu R, Ouyang XY. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in periodontitis subjects with stable coronary heart disease. Chin J Dent Res. 2013;16(2):145-51.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Bahadır Kırali 0000-0002-6324-1309

Kübra Kundak 0000-0001-5979-7358

Basak Dogan 0000-0002-3602-4886

Leyla Kuru 0000-0002-7599-2409

Publication Date August 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Kırali, B., Kundak, K., Dogan, B., Kuru, L. (2023). Evre 3 Derece B Periodontitis Hastalarında Başlangıç Periodontal Tedavinin Tükürük IL-6 ve IL-17 Seviyelerine Etkisi. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 7(2), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.46