Case Report
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Bilateral Mandibular Tori: A Case Report and The Brief Review of The Literature

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 205 - 210, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Torus mandibularis (TM) is benign asymptomatic bone growth, usually on the lingual mandible in the canine premolar region with a multifactorial and uncertain etiology. The torus mandibularis can be of various numbers and sizes with no risk of malignant transformation. In this case report, a case of torus mandibularis of a 54-year-old female patient having cancerophobia is presented.

References

  • AlZarea BK. Prevalence and pattern of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among edentulous patients of Saudi Arabia. Clin. Interv. Aging. 2016;209-13.
  • Antoniades DZ, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 1998;85(5):552-7.
  • Auškalnis A, Rutkūnas V, Bernhardt O, Šidlauskas M, Šalomskienė L, Basevičienė N. Multifactorial etiology of torus mandibularis: study of twins. Stomatologija. 2015;17(22):35-40.
  • Bello SA, Ikimi NU, Falola O, Ademola AJ. A Multi-Ethnic Study to Determine the Prevalence of Bony Exostoses Among Residents in Abuja, North Central Nigeria. Acta Sci. Dent. Sci. 2020;4:93-8.
  • Bruce I, Ndanu T, Addo M. Epidemiological aspects of oral tori in a Ghanaian community. Int. Dent. J. 2004;54(2):78-82.
  • Bukanan BA, Alharbi AM, Almarri MH, Alqahtani KF, Alalwan HA, Mostafa NA. Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and Torus Mandibularis among Dental Patients in Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia. Donn. J. Dent. Oral. Hyg. 2020;6(2):039-42.
  • Chaudhary MAG, Fazal M, Malik U, Cheema FN, Rizvi MA, Sajjad F, et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Tori among Edentulous patients of Dental College Islamabad. Pak. J. Med. Health Sci. 2022;16(07):163-.
  • Chiang M-L, Hsieh Y-J, Tseng Y-L, Lin J-R, Chiang C-P. Oral mucosal lesions and developmental anomalies in dental patients of a teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan. J. Dent. Sci. 2014;9(1):69-77.
  • Choi Y, Park H, Lee J-S, Park J-C, Kim C-S, Choi S-H, et al. Prevalence and anatomic topography of mandibular tori: computed tomographic analysis. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2012;70(6):1286-91.
  • García-García AS, Martínez-González J-M, Gómez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira Á, Oviedo-Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2010;15(2):e353-60.
  • Hosoi T, Yoda T, Yamaguchi M, Amano H, Orimo H. Elderly women with oral exostoses had higher bone mineral density. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2003;21:120-2.
  • Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2007;29:125-31.
  • Khan S, Shah SAH, Ali F, Rasheed D. Concurrence of torus palatinus, torus mandibularis and buccal exostosis. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 2016;26(11):111-3.
  • Koc N, Çağırankaya L. Mandibular tori are associated with mandibular bone quality: a case-control study. Folia Morphol. (Warsz.). 2018;77(4):736-41.
  • Mermod M, Hoarau R. Mandibular tori. Cmaj. 2015;187(11):826-.
  • Morita K, Tsuka H, Shintani T, Yoshida M, Kurihara H, Tsuga K. Prevalence of torus mandibularis in young healthy dentate adults. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017;75(12):2593-8.
  • Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2002;52(4):195-215.
  • Padbury Jr AD, Tözüm TF, Taba Jr M, Ealba EL, West BT, Burney RE, et al. The impact of primary hyperparathyroidism on the oral cavity. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(9):3439-45.
  • Palm E, Franklin KA, Marklund M. Mandibular tori size is related to obstructive sleep apnea and treatment success with an oral appliance. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(2):431-8.
  • Rastogi K, Verma SK, Bhushan R. Surgical removal of mandibular tori and its use as an autogenous graft. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2012008297.
  • Rios BR, Momesso GAC, Araújo WAF, Barbosa S, Silva MC, Fonseca JM, et al. Exeresis of bilateral mandibular torus due to speech impairment–case report. Research, Society and Development. 2021;10(16):e204101623565-e.
  • Santhanakrishnan M, Rangarao S. Mandibular Tori: A source of autogenous bone graft. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2014;18(6):767-71.
  • Sathya K, Kanneppady SK, Arishiya T. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori among outpatients in Northern Malaysia. J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res. 2012;2(1):15-9.
  • Scrieciu M, Mercuţ V, Mercuţ R, Birjovanu C, Stan MC, Marinescu IR, et al. Morphological and clinical characteristics of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in a sample of young and adults’ Romanian people. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2016;57(1):139-44.
  • Seah YH. Torus palatinus and torus mandibular is: A review of the literature. Australian dental journal. 1995;40(5):318-21.
  • Šimunković SK, Božić M, Alajbeg IZ, Dulčić N, Boras VV. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in the Split-Dalmatian County, Croatia. Coll. Antropol. 2011;35(3).
  • Telang LA, Telang A, Nerali J, Pradeep P. Tori in a Malaysian population: Morphological and ethnic variations. J. Forensic Dent. Sci. 2019;11(2):107-12.
  • Uysal S, Çağırankaya BL, Hatipoğlu MG. Do gender and torus mandibularis affect mandibular cortical index? A cross-sectional study. Head Face Med. 2007;3(1):37.
  • Valentin R, Julie L, Narcisse Z, Charline G, Vivien M, David G. Early recurrence of mandibular torus following surgical resection: A case report. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2021;83:105942.
  • Wang C, Zhang B-H, Zhang H, He J-W, Hu Y-Q, Li M, et al. The A242T mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene in one Chinese family with osteosclerosis. Intern. Med. 2013;52(2):187-92.
  • Wilson L, Snyder D, Griggs J, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Bayrakdar İŞ, Jagtap R. The Prevalence of Maxillary and Mandibular Exostosis in the Mississippi Population: A Retrospective Study. Surgeries. 2025;6(1):17.
  • Yoshinaka M, Ikebe K, Furuya‐Yoshinaka M, Maeda Y. Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relationship with occlusal force. Gerodontology. 2014;31(2):117-22.
  • Zhen L, Roslan H, Rahman NRA, Kamaruddin AF. Torus Palatinus and Torus Mandibularis: A Literature Review Update. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC). 2023;247-54.

Çift Taraflı Mandibular Torus: Bir Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Kısaca Gözden Geçirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 205 - 210, 31.12.2025

Abstract

Torus mandibularis (TM), mandibula lingual yüzeyinde, sıklıkla kanin-premolar bölgede izlenen, iyi huylu ve asemptomatik bir kemik proliferasyonudur. Etiyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olup multifaktöriyel kökenli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Malign transformasyon riski taşımayan bu oluşumlar, çeşitli boyut ve sayılarda gözlemlenebilir. Bu vaka sunumunda, kanserofobisi olan 54 yaşındaki kadın bir hastada torus mandibularis olgusu sunulmaktadır.

References

  • AlZarea BK. Prevalence and pattern of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among edentulous patients of Saudi Arabia. Clin. Interv. Aging. 2016;209-13.
  • Antoniades DZ, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 1998;85(5):552-7.
  • Auškalnis A, Rutkūnas V, Bernhardt O, Šidlauskas M, Šalomskienė L, Basevičienė N. Multifactorial etiology of torus mandibularis: study of twins. Stomatologija. 2015;17(22):35-40.
  • Bello SA, Ikimi NU, Falola O, Ademola AJ. A Multi-Ethnic Study to Determine the Prevalence of Bony Exostoses Among Residents in Abuja, North Central Nigeria. Acta Sci. Dent. Sci. 2020;4:93-8.
  • Bruce I, Ndanu T, Addo M. Epidemiological aspects of oral tori in a Ghanaian community. Int. Dent. J. 2004;54(2):78-82.
  • Bukanan BA, Alharbi AM, Almarri MH, Alqahtani KF, Alalwan HA, Mostafa NA. Prevalence of Torus Palatinus and Torus Mandibularis among Dental Patients in Riyadh Elm University, Saudi Arabia. Donn. J. Dent. Oral. Hyg. 2020;6(2):039-42.
  • Chaudhary MAG, Fazal M, Malik U, Cheema FN, Rizvi MA, Sajjad F, et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Tori among Edentulous patients of Dental College Islamabad. Pak. J. Med. Health Sci. 2022;16(07):163-.
  • Chiang M-L, Hsieh Y-J, Tseng Y-L, Lin J-R, Chiang C-P. Oral mucosal lesions and developmental anomalies in dental patients of a teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan. J. Dent. Sci. 2014;9(1):69-77.
  • Choi Y, Park H, Lee J-S, Park J-C, Kim C-S, Choi S-H, et al. Prevalence and anatomic topography of mandibular tori: computed tomographic analysis. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2012;70(6):1286-91.
  • García-García AS, Martínez-González J-M, Gómez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira Á, Oviedo-Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2010;15(2):e353-60.
  • Hosoi T, Yoda T, Yamaguchi M, Amano H, Orimo H. Elderly women with oral exostoses had higher bone mineral density. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2003;21:120-2.
  • Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2007;29:125-31.
  • Khan S, Shah SAH, Ali F, Rasheed D. Concurrence of torus palatinus, torus mandibularis and buccal exostosis. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 2016;26(11):111-3.
  • Koc N, Çağırankaya L. Mandibular tori are associated with mandibular bone quality: a case-control study. Folia Morphol. (Warsz.). 2018;77(4):736-41.
  • Mermod M, Hoarau R. Mandibular tori. Cmaj. 2015;187(11):826-.
  • Morita K, Tsuka H, Shintani T, Yoshida M, Kurihara H, Tsuga K. Prevalence of torus mandibularis in young healthy dentate adults. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017;75(12):2593-8.
  • Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2002;52(4):195-215.
  • Padbury Jr AD, Tözüm TF, Taba Jr M, Ealba EL, West BT, Burney RE, et al. The impact of primary hyperparathyroidism on the oral cavity. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(9):3439-45.
  • Palm E, Franklin KA, Marklund M. Mandibular tori size is related to obstructive sleep apnea and treatment success with an oral appliance. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(2):431-8.
  • Rastogi K, Verma SK, Bhushan R. Surgical removal of mandibular tori and its use as an autogenous graft. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2012008297.
  • Rios BR, Momesso GAC, Araújo WAF, Barbosa S, Silva MC, Fonseca JM, et al. Exeresis of bilateral mandibular torus due to speech impairment–case report. Research, Society and Development. 2021;10(16):e204101623565-e.
  • Santhanakrishnan M, Rangarao S. Mandibular Tori: A source of autogenous bone graft. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2014;18(6):767-71.
  • Sathya K, Kanneppady SK, Arishiya T. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori among outpatients in Northern Malaysia. J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res. 2012;2(1):15-9.
  • Scrieciu M, Mercuţ V, Mercuţ R, Birjovanu C, Stan MC, Marinescu IR, et al. Morphological and clinical characteristics of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in a sample of young and adults’ Romanian people. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2016;57(1):139-44.
  • Seah YH. Torus palatinus and torus mandibular is: A review of the literature. Australian dental journal. 1995;40(5):318-21.
  • Šimunković SK, Božić M, Alajbeg IZ, Dulčić N, Boras VV. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in the Split-Dalmatian County, Croatia. Coll. Antropol. 2011;35(3).
  • Telang LA, Telang A, Nerali J, Pradeep P. Tori in a Malaysian population: Morphological and ethnic variations. J. Forensic Dent. Sci. 2019;11(2):107-12.
  • Uysal S, Çağırankaya BL, Hatipoğlu MG. Do gender and torus mandibularis affect mandibular cortical index? A cross-sectional study. Head Face Med. 2007;3(1):37.
  • Valentin R, Julie L, Narcisse Z, Charline G, Vivien M, David G. Early recurrence of mandibular torus following surgical resection: A case report. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2021;83:105942.
  • Wang C, Zhang B-H, Zhang H, He J-W, Hu Y-Q, Li M, et al. The A242T mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene in one Chinese family with osteosclerosis. Intern. Med. 2013;52(2):187-92.
  • Wilson L, Snyder D, Griggs J, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Bayrakdar İŞ, Jagtap R. The Prevalence of Maxillary and Mandibular Exostosis in the Mississippi Population: A Retrospective Study. Surgeries. 2025;6(1):17.
  • Yoshinaka M, Ikebe K, Furuya‐Yoshinaka M, Maeda Y. Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relationship with occlusal force. Gerodontology. 2014;31(2):117-22.
  • Zhen L, Roslan H, Rahman NRA, Kamaruddin AF. Torus Palatinus and Torus Mandibularis: A Literature Review Update. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC). 2023;247-54.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Celal Bayar 0009-0002-5065-9834

Büşra Çelik 0009-0003-6247-3540

Sinem Busra Kirac Can 0000-0002-2052-4106

Şebnem Erçalık Yalçınkaya 0000-0003-2924-1935

Submission Date May 22, 2025
Acceptance Date December 8, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bayar, C., Çelik, B., Kirac Can, S. B., Erçalık Yalçınkaya, Ş. (2025). Bilateral Mandibular Tori: A Case Report and The Brief Review of The Literature. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 9(3), 205-210.