Evaluation of the anterior meniscal displacement with reduction by High-Resolution Ultrasonography pulsed wave Doppler mode (PWD). A pilot study

Abstract

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to mandibular dysfunction caused by reduced function of the primary structures that compose the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or other structures related to the TMJ or by the interaction of these structures with each other. Ultrasound imaging (USI) can not only demonstrate soft tissue alterations but also visualize hard tissue alterations. Pulsed-wave Doppler mode is a widely used technique in the study of movable structures, particularly the vascular system.

Material and Methods: 16 patients (32 TMJ) were included in this study, grouped in 10 women’s and 6 men’s). Extraoral and intraoral examination of the TMJ was realized to detect anterior disc displacement with reduction. Ultrasonography high resolution examination was carried out by LOGIQ e Healthcare^® with a 16 MHz high frequency transducer. A musculoskeletal L8-18i wideband linear array was used for pulsed wave doppler mode examination.

Results: Fourteen patients presented anterior disc displacement with reduction, and 2 patients presented normal disc position. When meniscal displacement is detected, PWD mode presents a distinct waveform on the timeline of the exploration.

Conclusion: Pulsed-wave Doppler mode provides an advantage in USI, helping to confirm the existence of anterior disc displacement or crepitation. USI is a noninvasive technique with no radiation exposure and permits static and dynamic exploration of the TMJ with a short examination time, low cost, and no contraindications or special patient preparation.

Keywords

• Temporomandibular joint
• Ultrasonography
• Articular disc
• Disc displacement
• PWD mode
• Doppler

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