Konsantrik ve Eksantrik Egzersizin Diz Ekstansör Esnekliği Üzerindeki Akut Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Çeşitli kas kasılma modalitelerinin eklem esnekliği üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak, egzersiz protokollerini geliştirmek için büyük önem taşır. Egzersiz programlamasının ana değişkenlerinden olan kontraksiyon tipinin esneklik üzerindeki akut etkileri henüz kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, sağlıklı genç erkeklerde tek seans izokinetik konsantrik ve eksantrik diz ekstansiyon egzersizinin aktif ve pasif diz ekstansör kaslarının esnekliği üzerindeki akut etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yirmi altı katılımcı (yaş: 23±1.4 yıl) rastgele olarak Eksantrik (n=13) veya Konsantrik (n=13) egzersiz grubuna atanmıştır. Aktif ve pasif diz fleksiyon eklem hareket açıklığı (EHA), bir dinamometre üzerinde gerçekleştirilen izokinetik egzersiz protokolünden (60 derece/saniye hızda 3 set 12 tekrar) önce ve hemen sonra bir akıllı telefon inklinometresi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Aktif diz fleksiyon EHA, her iki grupta da ön testten (Ort. = 130.10 derece) son teste (Ort. = 128.07 derece) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir oranda azalmıştır (p = 0.044). Bu azalma eksantrik ve konsantrik gruplar arasında benzer bulunmuş olup, anlamlı bir grup farkı veya etkileşim etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Pasif diz fleksiyon EHA için, her iki grupta da ön testten son teste istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmamış ve gruplar arasında da anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır; ancak eksantrik grupta daha büyük bir azalma eğilimi kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tek seans maksimal izokinetik diz ekstansiyon egzersizi akut seviyede, aktif diz ekstansör esnekliğinde anlamlı bir azalmaya yol açmakta olup, bu etki konsantrik ve eksantrik kasılmalar arasında benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar konsantrik ve eksantrik egzersize verilen akut esneklik tepkilerinin karmaşık doğasını vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Quadriceps Esnekliği
• Eklem Hareket Açıklığı
• izokinetik egzersiz
• Fasya

Acute Effects of Concentric and Eccentric Exercise on Knee Extensor Flexibility: A Comparative Trial

Abstract

Understanding the effects of various muscle contraction modalities on joint flexibility is essential for refining exercise protocols. The acute effects of contraction type on flexibility, which is one of the main variables in exercise programming, are not yet comprehensively understood. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of a single session of isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extension exercise on the active and passive flexibility of the knee extensor muscles in healthy young men. Twenty-six participants (age: 23±1.4 years) were randomly assigned to an eccentric (n=13) or concentric (n=13) exercise group. Active and passive knee flexion range of motion (ROM) were assessed using a smartphone inclinometer before and immediately after an isokinetic exercise protocol (3 sets of 12 repetitions at 60 degrees/second). Active knee flexion ROM significantly decreased from pre-test (Mean = 130.10 degrees) to post-test (Mean = 128.07 degrees) across both groups (p = 0.044). This decrease was similar between the Eccentric and Concentric groups, with no significant group differences or interaction effects observed. For passive knee flexion ROM, no statistically significant changes from pre-to post-test were detected for either group, and the changes did not differ significantly between the groups, although a trend towards a greater reduction was noted in the eccentric group. In conclusion, a single acute session of maximal isokinetic knee extension exercise resulted in a significant decrease in active knee extensor flexibility, comparably between concentric and eccentric contractions. These results highlight the complex nature of the acute flexibility responses to maximal exertion.

Keywords

• Quadriceps Flexibility
• Range of Motion
• Isokinetic Exercise
• Fascia

Ethical Statement

Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval Date: 25.12.2021; Approval Number: 09.2021.1271).

Thanks

We would like to thank Marmara University Sports Sciences and Athlete Health Research and Application Center (SBSAM) laboratory for providing the facilities and resources that made this research possible.

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