Türk Futbolcularda Alfa- Aktinin-3 (ACTN3) Ve Anjiyotensin Dönüştürücü Enzim (ACE) Polimorfizmleri Atletik Performans için Bir Biyobelirteç Olabilir mi?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 147 - 159, 27.12.2021

Başak Funda Eken , Özlem Özge Yılmaz , Tolga Polat , Beste Tacal Aslan , Korkut Ulucan

Öz

Alfa- aktinin-3 (ACTN3) ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim (ACE) genleri atletik performans ile ilgili incelenen genler arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızda, atletik performans üzerine etkisi olduğu düşünülen ACTN3 rs1815739 ve ACE gen polimorfizlerinin dağılımlarını belirlemeyi amaçladık. Çalışmamıza aynı antrenman programı uygulayan 15-29 yaş arası 21 profesyonel futbolcu ve 105 kontrol grubu katıldı. Sporculardan alınan ağız içi epitel hücrelerinden DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi. ACTN3 genotiplendirmesi için Real-time PCR, ACE genotiplendirmesi için ise polimeraz zincir reaksiyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. ACTN3 rs1815739 polimorfizmi için CC, CT, TT genotip dağılımı sporcularda sırasıyla %28,6, %38,1, %33,3; kontrol grubunda ise %25,7, %34,3, %40,0 bulunmuştur. İki grup arasında genotip dağılımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,8491). Allelik dağılımları incelendiğinde sporcularda %47,6 C alleli, %52,4 T alleli; kontrol grubunda ise %42,9 C, %57,1 T alleli belirlenmiştir. İki grup arasında allelik dağılımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,5700). ACE polimorfizmi incelendiğinde ise DD, ID, II genotipleri sporcularda sırasıyla %19, %38,1, %42,9; kontrol grubunda ise %33,3, %38,1, %28,6 bulunmuştur. İki grup arasında genotip dağılımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,3154). Allelik dağılımları incelendiğinde sporcularda %38,1 D alleli, %61,9 I alleli; kontrol grubunda ise %52,4 D, %47,6 I alleli belirlenmiştir. İki grup arasında allelik dağılımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,0910). Çalışma kohortumuzda, dayanıklılık fenotipi ile ilişkili olan ACTN3 T allelinin, kas dayanıklılığı ile ilişkili olan ACE I allelinin daha baskın olduğu saptanmıştır. ACTN3 ve ACE gen polimorfizmi arasında haplogrupları karşılaştırdığımızda CT+ID’ nin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Futbolcular üzerinde gerçekleştirilen çalışmamızın bundan sonra yapılacak olan çalışmalara öncülük edeceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ACNT3, ACE, polimorfizm, genetik, spor, futbol

Could Alpha-Actin-3 (ACTN3) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Polymorphisms Be a Biomarker for Athletic Performance in Turkish Football Players?

Öz

Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes are among the genes examined for athletic performance. In our study, we aimed to determine the distributions of ACTN3 rs1815739 and ACE gene polymorphisms, which are thought to have an effect on athletic performance. 21 professional football players between the ages of 15-29 who applied the same training program and 105 control group participated in our study. DNA isolation was performed from intraoral epithelial cells taken from athletes. Real-time PCR was used for ACTN3 genotyping and polymerase chain reaction technique was used for ACE genotyping. The CC, CT, TT genotype distribution for ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism was 28.6%, 38.1%, 33.3% in athletes, respectively; In the control group, it was found 25.7%, 34.3%, 40.0%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of genotype distribution (p=0.8491). When the allelic distributions are examined, 47.6% C allele and 52.4% T allele in athletes; In the control group, 42.9% C and 57.1% T alleles were determined. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of allelic distribution (p=0.5700). When the ACE polymorphism was examined, DD, ID, II genotypes were found in 19%, 38.1%, and 42.9%, respectively, in athletes; in the control group, it was found to be 33.3%, 38.1%, and 28.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of genotype distribution (p=0.3154). When the allelic distributions are examined, 38.1% D allele, 61.9% I allele; In the control group, 52.4% D and 47.6% I alleles were determined. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of allelic distribution (p=0.0910). In our study cohort, the ACTN3 T allele associated with the endurance phenotype was found to be more dominant than the ACE I allele associated with the muscular endurance. When we compared haplogroups between ACTN3 and ACE gene polymorphism, it was determined that CT+ID was higher. We think that our study on football players will lead to future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ACNT3, ACE, polymorphism, genetics, sports, football

Kaynakça

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