TECHNOLOGICAL RISE OF CHINA

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 71 - 84, 31.08.2023

Ramzat Abdıkarov

Abstract

This paper reviews China’s technological development. It shows that the success of China’s technological policy came from both international cooperation at national and firm levels and state support measures. The country’s innovation development model is based on the central role of the government. Using foreign technologies, investments, and expertise, China created its own technology companies, which transformed into global corporations. Through investments in research and development and talent cultivation, China narrowed the technology gap with many developed countries, including the United States. Despite existing tensions, in particular, in the technology sector, United States corporations are interested in strengthening cooperation with China due to its growing market. This type of cooperation will further improve China’s competitiveness and accelerate its technological development.

Keywords

China, Technology, Innovations, Robotics, Research and Development.

References

• Brown, Sara (2020). A new study measures the actual impact of robots on jobs. It’s significant. Retrieved from https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/a-new-study-measures-actual-impact-robots-jobs-its-significant. Accessed: 17.05.2023.
• Cheng, Hong, Ruixue Jia, Dandan Li and Hongbin Li (2019). “The rise of robots in China”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(2): 71–88.
• Cornell University, INSEAD, WIPO (2015). The Global Innovation Index 2015: Effective Innovation Policies for Development. Fontainebleau, Ithaca, and Geneva.
• Fu, Xiaolan, Woo Wing Thye and Jun Hou (2016). “Technological innovation policy in China: the lessons, and the necessary changes ahead”. Economic Change and Restructuring, No. 49: 139–157. Doi: 10.1007/s10644-016-9186-x.
• Goswami, Namrata (2023). China prioritizes 3 strategic technologies in its great power competition. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2023/04/chinaprioritizes-3-strategic-technologies-in-its-great-power-competition/. Accessed: 22.04.2023.
• International Federation of Robotics (2023a). China’s robot installations grew by 44 percent. Retrieved from https://ifr.org/news/china-robot-installationsgrew-by-44-percent. Accessed: 15.06.2023.
• International Federation of Robotics (2023b). China overtakes the USA in robot density. Retrieved from https://ifr.org/news/china-overtakes-usa-in-robotdensity. Accessed: 15.06.2023.
• Kubota, Yoko (2023). In China, the era of Western carmakers is over. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/rise-of-chinas-ev-makers-puts-end-towests-local-dominance-775d0811. Accessed: 10.07.2023.
• Li, Zhuoran (2023). The Future of the China-US Chip War. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/the-future-of-the-china-us-chip-war/. Accessed: 02.03.2023.
• McKinsey & Company (2023). Unlocking the industrial potential of robotics and automation. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/industrialsand-electronics/our-insights/unlocking-the-industrial-potential-of-roboticsand-automation. Accessed: 07.04.2023.
• Pham, Cong S., Mary E. Lovely, Xuan Nguyen and Chi-Chur Chao (2022). “Impact of China on trade in electronic products”. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 30(2): 357-372.
• Reuters (2023). Chip wars: How ‘chiplets’ are emerging as a core part of China’s tech strategy. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/technology/chipwars-how-chiplets-are-emerging-core-part-chinas-tech-strategy-2023-07-13/. Accessed on 14.07.2023.
• Schmidt, Eric (2023). Innovation power. Why technology will define the future of geopolitics. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/eric-schmidt-innovation-power-technology-geopolitics. Accessed: 01.03.2023.
• Tanaka, Akito and Grace Li (2023). U.S. big tech won’t shake its China addiction. Retrieved from https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Big-Story/U.S.-big-techwon-t-shake-its-China-addiction. Accessed: 12.07.2023. Universal Robots (2022). Impact of robotics in manufacturing. Retrieved from https://www.universal-robots.com/in/blog/impact-of-robotics/. Accessed: 10.05.2023.
• Wang, Dan (2023). China’s hidden tech revolution. How Beijing threatens U.S. dominance. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/chinas-hidden-tech-revolution-how-beijing-threatens-us-dominance-danwang?check_logged_in=1&utm_medium=promo_email&utm_source=lo_flows&utm_campaign=registered_user_welcome&utm_term=email_1&utm_content=20230303. Accessed: 01.03.2023.
• Wei, Shang-Jin, Xie Zhuan, and Xiaobo Zhang (2017). “From “Made in China” to “Innovated in China”: Necessity, prospect, and challenges”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(1): 49–70.
• WIPO (2022). Global Innovation Index 2022: What is the future of innovationdriven growth? Geneva: WIPO. Doi: 10.34667/tind.46596.
• World Bank (2023a). Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - China, Germany, Japan, Korea, Rep., Russian Federation, United States. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=CNDE-JP-KR-RU-US. Accessed: 10.06.2023.
• World Bank (2023b). Researchers in R&D (per million people) - China, Germany, Japan, Korea, Rep., Russian Federation, United States. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=CNDE-JP-KR-RU-US. Accessed: 10.06.2023.
• Xinhua (2023). Column: Secret to China’s rapid rise in innovation prowess. Retrieved from https://english.news.cn/20230313/4c33c0d5f4ea4f16bb075605f9d587d9/c.html. Accessed: 14.03.2023.