EUROPEAN UNION’S SANCTION PACKAGES AGAINST RUSSIA: CONTENTS AND IMPLICATIONS

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 85 - 99, 31.08.2023

Zhuldyz Kanapıyanova

Abstract

With Russia’s attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the European Union began to impose a series of sanctions on the Moscow government. The history of sanctions began with the 2014 annexation of Crimea and is now being expanded to target various industries and individuals. In this context, in the study, the contents of the sanctions implemented and their effects on Russia are discussed. Based on the evaluation of experts in different regions and statistics, it was assumed that the sanctions did not have much effect on stopping the war but were effective in slowing down the country’s economy and influencing different
sectors.

Keywords

Sanctions, Russia, Ukraine, War, European Union.

References

• Abay, Emre G. (2022). Russian economy spent 2022 under the most comprehensive sanctions in history. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/rus-ekonomisi-2022-yi-tarihin-en-kapsamli-yaptirimlari-altindagecirdi/2775167. Accessed: 12.03.2023.
• Allen, Susan Hannah (2008). The Domestic Political Costs of Economic Sanctions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52 (6): 916–944.
• Biersteker, Thomas and Peter van Bergeijk (2015). On target? EU sanctions as security policy tool. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Report no: 25.
• Consilium.europa.eu (2022). EU restrictive measures against Russia over Ukraine (since 2014). Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine/. Accessed: 03.01.2023.
• Consilium.europa.eu (2022). Timeline – EU restrictive measures against Russia over Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine/history-restrictivemeasures-against-russia-over-ukraine/. Accessed: 03.01.2023.
• Dempsey, Judy (2022). Judy asks: Can sanctions end Russia’s war in Ukraine? Retrieved from https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/86606. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• Doxey, Margaret (1983). International sanctions in theory and practice, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 15(2): 273-288. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/214080611.pdf. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• Ec.europa.eu (2022). Ukraine: EU agrees ninth package of sanctions against Russia, Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_7652. Accessed: 03.01.2023.
• Ec.europa.eu (2022). Ukraine: EU agrees on eighth package of sanctions against Russia. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5989. Accessed: 03.01.2023.
• Ec.europa.eu (2023). Statement by President von der Leyen on the 10th Package of Sanctions against Russia. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_23_907. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• Ec.europa.eu (2023a). EU adopts 11th package of sanctions against Russia for its continued illegal war against Ukraine. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3429. Accessed: 30.06.2023.
• Eckel, Michael (2022). “Sanction strike”. Darkness on the Russian economy. Retrieved from https://www.azattyq.org/a/russia-s-economy-enters-thetwilight-zone/31911280.html. Accessed: 12.03.2023.
• Eurlex.europa.eu (2023). General Framework for EU Sanctions. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/general-framework-foreu- sanctions.html#:~:text=Article%2029%20of%20the%20Treaty%20on%20European%20Union%20(TEU)%20allows,in%20their%20policy%20or%20activity. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• Hse.ru (2022). Fact-checking: how sanctions affected the Russian economy. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ru/expertise/news/797744763.html. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• IEA.org (2022). Frequently asked questions on energy security. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/articles/frequently-asked-questions-on-energy-security. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• Kneppelhout.com (2022). EU sanctions measures against Russia. Retrieved from https://kneppelhout.com/news/eu-sanctions-measures-against-russia/. Accessed: 01.07.2023.
• Kommersant.ru (2022). Bloomberg: EU sanctions against Russia affected only a few sectors of the union’s economy. Retrieved from https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5708877. Accessed: 03.01.2023.
• Nardelli, Alberto (2022). EU finds its Russia sanctions largely spared own economies. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-08/eu-finds-its-russia-sanctions-largely-spared-its-owneconomies. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• OSCE.org (2015). Package of Measures for the Implementation of the Minsk Agreements. Retrieved from https://www.osce.org/cio/140156. Accessed: 20.02.2022.
• Popova, Alena (2023). Russia can’t replace Western chips-so it gets them illegally. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/3833248-russia-cantreplace-western-chips-so-it-gets-them-illegally/. Accessed: 25.07.2023.
• Rbc.ru (2022). The eighth package of EU sanctions against Russia. What is important to know. Retrieved from https://www.rbc.ru/economics/06/10/2022/633ec9309a7947735697e0fb?from=article_body. Accessed: 30.06.2023.
• Rbc.ru (2022a). The European Union has introduced the fifth package of sanctions. What is important to know. Retrieved from https://www.rbc.ru/business/11/04/2022/6252f8939a79476da853278f. Accessed: 01.07.2023.
• Reid, Jenni (2023). Hungary’s foreign minister says Brussels has failed on Russia sanctions. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/17/hungarysforeign-minister-says-brussels-has-failed-on-russia-sanctions.html. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• Reuters.com (2022). Russian Economy Shrinks 4% in Third Quarter. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/markets/russian-economy-shrinks-4-thirdquarter-statistics-agency-2022-11-16/. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• Rg.ru (2022). The EU has released the 9th package of sanctions against the Russian Federation: Who and what did the EU “punish”. Retrieved from https://rg.ru/2022/12/16/es-opublikoval-9-j-paket-sankcij-protiv-rf-kogo-i-za-chtonakazal-evrosoiuz.html. Accessed: 28.12.2022.
• Rumer, Eugene (2022). “Putin’s Long War”. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/12/09/putin-s-long-war-pub-88602. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• Sadiroglu, Akin (2022). “Hegemony and sanctions: The significance relationship between US hegemony and US economic sanctions in the Cold War”, Alternatif Politika, Retrieved from https://alternatifpolitika.com/eng/site/vol/14/no/2/08-Akin-Sagiroglu-Hegemonya-ve-Yaptirim.pdf. Accessed: 05.02.2023.
• Szucs, Agnes (2022). EU adopts 4th set of sanctions against Russia over Ukraine war. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/eu-adopts-4th-set-ofsanctions-against-russia-over-ukraine-war/2535551. Accessed: 01.07.2023.
• Tass.ru (2022). Date of application of EU sanctions against Russia in connection with Ukraine. Retrieved from https://tass.ru/info/15960409. Accessed: 28.12.2022.
• Tass.ru (2022a). The EU has published the seventh package of sanctions against Russia. Retrieved from https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/15280853. Accessed: 01.07.2023.
• Tikhonov, Sergey, Karabut, Tatyana, Gaiva, Evgeny, Kapranov, Oleg and Marina Trubilina (2023). A year under sanctions. How the Russian economy has changed. Retrieved from https://rg.ru/2023/02/25/god-pod-sankciiami-kakizmenilas-ekonomika-rossii.html. Accessed: 12.03.2023.
• Tsebelis, George (1990). Are Sanctions Effective?: A Game-Theoretic Analysis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 34 (1): 3–28.
• Ukrinform.net (2022). Russia’s economy set back by 30 years: Ukrainian diplomat refutes Szijjarto’s claims about the ineffectiveness of sanctions. Retrieved from https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-economy/3617211-russiaseconomy-set-back-by-30-years-ukrainian-diplomat-refutes-szijjartos-claimsabout-ineffectiveness-of-sanctions.html. Accessed: 11.03.2023.
• Un.org. (no date). Sanctions. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/information. Accessed: 30.07.2023.
• Un.org. United Nations Charter. Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-7. Accessed: 18.02.2023.
• Vedomosti.ru (2023). Russian brands. Retrieved from https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2023/06/22/rossiiskie-brendi. Accessed: 25.07.2023.
• Zaicev, Andrey (2022). The third package of EU sanctions: what is included in it and what threatens us. Retrieved from https://www.kp.ru/daily/27369.5/4551659/. Accessed: 01.07.2023.