COVID-19 Pandemisine Diyetetik Bakış: Besin, Besin Destekleri ve Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 22, 14.07.2021

Merve Esra Çıtar Dazıroğlu , Müberra Yıldız , Gamze Akbulut

Abstract

Yeni tanımlanan bir koronavirüs türünün neden olduğu COVID-19, pandemik duruma ulaşan ve ölümcül seyirli olabilen ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur. COVID-19 tüm grupları etkilemekle birlikte, şiddetli patoloji ve mortalite oranları erkek cinsiyet, ileri yaş, kronik hastalık varlığı gibi risk faktörleri mevcut olduğunda daha yüksektir. COVID-19'dan etkilenen hastaların artmış inflamatuvar yanıt gösterdiği düşünüldüğünde, malnütrisyon ve obezite varlığının da tedavi sürecini daha çok zora sokması olasıdır. Bununla birlikte, yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme gibi yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının COVID-19'a duyarlılık ve iyileşme üzerindeki etkisini dikkate almak önemlidir. Çünkü sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları aynı zamanda bireylerin immün sistemleri üzerinde de olumsuz etki yaratmakta ve hastalıkla mücadeleyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin oldukça önemli olduğu ve hatta hekim tavsiyesi doğrultusunda besin takviyesine ihtiyacı olan bireylerde bu desteğin sağlanmasının gerekliliği açıktır. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören COVID-19 hastalarında ise beslenme yönetimi hakkında Avrupa Klinik Beslenme ve Metabolizma Derneği (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / ESPEN)’nin mevcut kılavuzlarının bu bireylerin ihtiyaçları için de uygun olduğu düşünülmekte, oral tüketimi mümkün olmayan veya bu yolla besin ögesi gereksinimlerini karşılayamayan bireylerde ise nütrisyon desteği de gerekli olabilmektedir. Bütün bunlar göz önüne alındığında, COVID-19 ile mücadelede klinik durumun savunmasız bireylerde kötüleşebileceği düşünülerek tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin doğru uygulanmasının önemi oldukça büyük görünmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, Pandemi, Besin, Beslenme

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