Travmatik Doğum Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler: Gebelerde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, , 217 - 227, 05.07.2024

Ayşegül Unutkan , Sercan Mansuroğlu , Kübra Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1509060

Abstract

Amaç: Gebelik ve doğumun tüm süreçlerinin sağlıklı bir şekilde yaşanabilmesi için travmatik doğum algısının yüksek olmaması ve etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma gebelerin travmatik doğum algısını etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya gebeliğinin son üç ayında olan 305 gebe katılmıştır. Veriler Travmatik Doğum Algısı Ölçeği ve sosyo-demografik, obstetrik ve doğumla ilgili bilgi formu kullanılarak yüz yüze toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen gebelerin tamamı evli ve yaş ortalamaları 28,04±1,56 yıl idi. Gebelerin ölçekten aldıkları puan ortalaması 56,46±1,56 (Min-Maks=0-120) idi. Ölçekten alınan puan ile gelir durumu, toplam düşük/ölümlü doğum sayısı, son doğumun sonlanma şekli, son doğumda yaşanan korku ve son doğumda yaşanan kaygı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Travmatik doğum algısını etkileyen ve/veya artıran faktörlerin tam olarak anlaşılması, doğum hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesinin yanı sıra kadınların ve gebelerin ruhsal iyilik halinin korunmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

Travmatik doğum, Gebelik, Gebe kadınlar, Doğum, Kadın ruh sağlığı.

Factor Affecting the Perception of Traumatic Childbirth: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pregnant Women Women

Abstract

Objective: In order to experience all the processes of pregnancy and childbirth in a healthy way, it is necessary that the perception of traumatic birth is not high and the affecting factors should be known. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting pregnant women's perception of traumatic childbirth.
Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted with 305 pregnant women, who was in the last trimester of their pregnancy. Data collected face-to-face using the Perception of Traumatic Childbirth Scale and the socio-demographic, obstetric and birth-related information form.
Results: All of the pregnant women included in the study were married and their mean age was 28.04±5.20 years. The mean score of the pregnant women from the scale was 56.46±1.56 (Min-Max=0-120). Statistical significance was found between the score obtained from the scale and income status, the total number of miscarriages/mortal deliveries, mode of termination of the last delivery, fear experienced at the last delivery and anxiety experienced at the last delivery.
Conclusion: A thorough understanding of the factors that influence and/or increase the perception of traumatic childbirth could contribute to the development of birth services as well as the protection and promotion of women's and pregnant's mental well-being.

Keywords

pregnancy, Traumatic childbirth, Pregnant women, Childbirth, Women’s mental health

References

• Akgül, S. , Sabancı Baransel, E. Uçar, T. (2023). Effect of childbirth perceptions in mothers on the childbirth fears of their single daughters . İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 11(1), 1221-1231.
• Aksoy, A. N. (2015). Doğum Korkusu Literatür. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi / ODU Journal of Medicine, 2, 161–165.
• Aktaş S. (2018). Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience. Medicine Science, 7(1), 203-209.
• Altuntuğ, K., Kiyak, S., Ege, E. (2023). Relationship between birth memories and recall and perception of traumatic birth in women in the postpartum one-year period and affecting factors. Current psychology, 1–9.
• Anderson C. A. (2017). The trauma of birth. Health care for women international, 38(10), 999–1010.
• Annborn, A., Finnbogadóttir, H. R. (2022). Obstetric violence a qualitative interview study. Midwifery, 105, 103212.
• Aydın, R., Aktaş, S., Binic, D. K. (2022). Vajinal doğum yapan annelerin doğuma ilişkin travma algısı ile maternal bağlanma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir kesitsel çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 158–69. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051454
• Aziato L, Acheampong AK, Umoar KL. (2017). Labour pain experiences and perceptions: a qualitative study among post-partum women in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 17(1):73.
• Barut, S. Ucar, T. (2022). Effects of motivational interviews on childbirth perceptions and childbirthself-efficacy in nulliparous pregnant women: a randomised-controlled trial. Reprod Infant Psychol. 1-16.
• Bay, F., Sayiner, F. D. (2021). Perception of traumatic childbirth of women and its relationship with postpartum depression. Women & Health, 61(5), 479–489.
• Beck C. T. (2004). Birth trauma: in the eye of the beholder. Nursing Research, 53(1), 28–35.
• Beck, C. T., Watson, S. (2019). Mothers' Experiences Interacting with Infants after Traumatic Childbirth. MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 44(6), 338–344.
• Bohren, M. A., Hofmeyr, G. J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R. K., Cuthbert, A. (2017). Continuous support for women during childbirth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7(7), CD003766.
• Chabbert, M., Panagiotou, D., Wendland, J. (2021). Predictive factors of women's subjective perception of childbirth experience: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(1), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1748582
• Değirmenci F, Vefikuluçay Yılmaz D. (2020). The relationship between psychosocial health status and social support of pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 41(4):290-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2019.1678021
• Elmir, R., Schmied, V., Wilkes, L., Jackson, D. (2010). Women's perceptions and experiences of a traumatic birth: a meta-ethnography. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(10), 2142–2153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05391.x
• Garthus-Niegel, S., Ayers, S., von Soest, T., Torgersen, L., Eberhard-Gran, M. (2020). Maintaining factors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: A population-based, two-year follow-up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.003.
• Gençer, E. Ejder Apay, S. (2020). Gebeliğin istenme durumu öznel mutluluğu etkiler mi? J Psychiatric Nurs, 11(2), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2019.63496
• Gentile S. (2017). Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short- and long-term effects in offspring. A systematic review. Neuroscience, 342, 154–166.
• Ghanbari-Homayi, S., Fardiazar, Z., Meedya, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Mohammadi, E., Mirghafourvand, M. (2019). Predictors of traumatic birth experience among a group of Iranian primipara women: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2333-4
• Hollander, M. H., van Hastenberg, E., van Dillen, J., van Pampus, M. G., de Miranda, E., Stramrood, C. A. I. (2017). Preventing traumatic childbirth experiences: 2192 women's perceptions and views. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20(4),
• Howarth, A. M., Swain, N. R. (2019). Skills-based childbirth preparation increases childbirth self-efficacy for first time mothers. Midwifery, 70, 100–105.
• Karaman, Ö., Yıldız, H. (2018). Doğum Eylemi Travay Sürecinde Hareket Serbestliği: Nasıl? Ne Sağlar? Kadın Doğum Hemşiresinin Rolü Nedir?. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 78 - 87. https://doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2017-57080
• Kellermann N. P. (2001). Transmission of Holocaust trauma--an integrative view. Psychiatry, 64(3), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.3.256.18464
• Kersten I, Lange AE, Haas JP, Fusch C, Lode H, Hoffmann W et al. (2014). Chronic diseases in pregnant women: prevalence and birth outcomes based on the SNiP-study. BMC Pregnancy Childb. 14, 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-75
• Kızılkaya Beji, N. , Murat, M. Köse, S. (2022). Perinatal dönem ruh sağlığı sorunları ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 5(1), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.897439
• Kranenburg, L., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., Stramrood, C. (2023). Traumatic childbirth experience and childbirth-related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A contemporary overview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042775
• Liang, H., Fan, Y., Zhang, N., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Wang, Q., Gong, J., Sriplung, H. (2018). Women's cesarean section preferences and influencing factors in relation to China's two-child policy: a cross-sectional study. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 2093–2101. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S171533
• Morton, C. H., Simkin, P. (2019). Can respectful maternity care save and improve lives?. Birth, 46(3), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12444
• Mucuk, Ö. Özkan, H. (2022). Perception of Traumatic Childbirth of Women and Factors Affecting. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(2), 608-616.
• Müslüman, M. Ejder Apay, S. (2022). Doğumda algılanan destekleyici bakım ve travmatik doğum algısı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi: kesitsel çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 7(2):376-85. https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2021-83330
• Nagle, U., Naughton, S., Ayers, S., Cooley, S., Duffy, R. M., Dikmen-Yildiz, P. (2022). A survey of perceived traumatic birth experiences in an Irish maternity sample - prevalence, risk factors and follow up. Midwifery, 113, 103419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103419
• Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Hernández-Martínez, A., Rodríguez-Almagro, D., Quirós-García, J. M., Martínez-Galiano, J. M., GómezSalgado, J. (2019). Women’s perceptions of living a traumatic childbirth experience and factors related to a birth experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091654
• Rúger-Navarrete, A., Vázquez-Lara, J. M., Antúnez-Calvente, I., Rodríguez-Díaz, L., Riesco-González, F. J., Palomo-Gómez, R., Gómez-Salgado, J., Fernández-Carrasco, F. J. (2023). Antenatal Fear of Childbirth as a Risk Factor for a Bad Childbirth Experience. Healthcare 11(3), 297.
• Şahin M. (2020). Gebelerde travmatik doğum algısı ve anne bağlanması ilişkisi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=Eb5EkakJlp3olBdo_wNEGR9LL6VB73kV6G0TyXwHyDaJyzHwhKnuYGB08wmB1GOT.
• Sun, X., Fan, X., Cong, S., Wang, R., Sha, L., Xie, H., Han, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, A. (2023). Psychological birth trauma: A concept analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1065612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1065612
• Türkmen, H., Yalniz Dilcen, H., Akin, B. (2020). The Effect of Labor Comfort on Traumatic Childbirth Perception, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine: The Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 15(12), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0138
• Türkmen, H., Yalniz Dilcen, H., Özçoban, F. A. (2021). Traumatic childbirth perception during pregnancy and the postpartum period and its postnatal mental health outcomes: a prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Rreproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(4), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1792429
• Yalnız Dilcen, H., Aslantekin, F., Aktaş, N. (2021). The relationship of psychosocial well-being and social support with pregnant women's perceptions of traumatic childbirth. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(2), 650–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12887
• Yalnız, H., Canan, F., Ekti Genç, R., Kuloğlu, M. M., Geçici, Ö. (2017). Travmatik doğum algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Türk Tıp Dergisi, 8(3), 81–88. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11772/2680
• Yazici, E., Kirkan, T. S., Aslan, P. A., Aydin, N., Yazici, A. B. (2015). Untreated depression in the first trimester of pregnancy leads to postpartum depression: high rates from a natural follow-up study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11,405–411.
• Yıldırım, G., Bilgin, Z. (2021). Risk status and traumatic birth perception in pregnancy. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(4), 1897–1904. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12764
• Yılmaz, M. Yar, D. (2021). Gebelik ve Postpartum Dönemde Kadın Ruh Sağlığı: Derleme Çalışması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.693233
• Zamani, P., Ziaie, T., Lakeh, N. M., Leili, E. K. (2019). The correlation between perceived social support and childbirth experience in pregnant women. Midwifery, 75, 146–151.
• Zhang, N., Chen, H., Xu, Z., Wang, B., Sun, H., Hu, Y. (2016). Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer in Patient with Previous Cesarean Scar. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 22, 3288–3295.