Gebelerde Doğum Öncesi Algılanan Stres İle Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma gebelerde doğum öncesi algılanan stres ile sağlık okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve korelasyon niteliğindeki bu araştırmanın örneklemine, kadın doğum kliniğine başvuran, 36 hafta ve üzeri gebeliği olan, iletişim engeli bulunmayan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan toplam 368 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Doğum Öncesi Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (DÖASÖ) ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (SOÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler, Cronbach Alfa güvenilirlik testi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 28.33±5.10’dur. Gebelerin %35.3’ünün üniversite mezunu olduğu, %52.7’sinin ev hanımı olduğu, ve %73.6’sının çekirdek ailede yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin DÖASÖ puan ortalamasının 2.09±0.68 ve SOÖ puan ortalamasının 98.79±17.94 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin DÖASÖ puan ortalaması ile SOÖ puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, pozitif yönlü ve düşük düzeyli bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (r=0.177). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Gebelikte sağlık okuryazarlığı arttıkça doğum öncesi algılanan stresin de arttığı görülmüştür. Gebelere yönelik eğitimler planlanmadan önce doğum öncesi algıladıkları stres ve sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri belirlenmelidir.

Keywords

• sağlık okuryazarlığı
• stres
• hemşirelik
• gebelik

The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Perceived Stress Among Pregnant Women: A Correlation Study

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived prenatal stress and health literacy in pregnant women.

Methods: This descriptive and correlational study included, who applied to the obstetrics clinic had a pregnancy of 36 weeks or more, a total of 368 pregnant women who had no communication barriers and volunteered to participate in the study were recruited. Personal Information Form, Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory (APSI) and Health Literacy Scale (HLS) were used as data collection tools.

Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.33±5.10 years. It was determined that 35.3% of the pregnant women were university graduates, 52.7% were housewives, and 73.6% lived in a nuclear family. It was determined that the mean APSI score of the pregnant women was 2.09±0.68, and the mean HLS score was 98.79±17.94.

Conclusion: It was determined that there was a statistically significant, positive, and low-level relationship between the APSI score average of the pregnant women and the HLS score average (r=0.177). As the level of health literacy increases in pregnant women, perceived prenatal stress also increases.

Keywords

• health literacy
• stress
• nursing
• pregnancy

References

1. Akça, E., Gökyıldız Sürücü, Ş., Akbaş, M. (2020). Health perception, health literacy and related factors in pregnant women. Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School, 8(3), 630-642. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.735467
2. Altınçelep, F. (2011). Determination of prenatal distress level in pregnant women (Master's Thesis, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul).
3. Aras, Z., Bayık Temel, A. (2017). Evaluation of validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Health Literacy Scale. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 25(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.17672/fnhd.94626
4. Asadi, L., Amiri, F., Safinejad, H. (2020). Investigating the effect of health literacy level on improving the quality of care during pregnancy in pregnant women covered by health centers. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_204_20
5. Astantekin Özçoban. F., Ergün, S., Erkal Aksoy, Y. (2021). Effects of health literacy education on adaptation to pregnancy, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and health literacy in Turkish pregnant women: A randomized, controlled trial. Health and Social Care, 2(30), 537-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13690
6. Atasever, İ., Sis Çelik, A. (2018). The validity and reliability of the antenatal perceived stress inventory turkish version: A methodological study. Health Care for Women International, 39(10), 1140-1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1469635
7. Aydın, D., Aba, Y.A. (2019). The relationship between mothers' health literacy levels and breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 12(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-026-00853-6
8. Barnes, L.A.J., Barclay, L., McCaffery, K., Aslani, P. (2018). Complementary medicine products used in pregnancy and lactation and an examination of the information sources accessed pertaining to maternal health literacy: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2283-9

9. Charoghchian Khorasani, E., Peyman, N., & Esmaily, H. (2018). Measuring maternal health literacy in pregnant women referred to the healthcare Centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 6(1), 1157-1162.
10. Dadipoor, S., Ramezankhani, A., Alavi, A., Aghamolaei, T., Safari-Moradabadi, A. (2017). Pregnant women’s health literacy in the South of Iran. Journal of Family & Reproductive Health, 11(4), 211-218.
11. Demir Alkin, E., Beydağ, K.D. (2020). The relationship between the level of stress perceived by women with three or more pregnancies and the level of self-perception. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 11(3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.72621
12. Deuschle, M., Hendlmeier, F., Witt, S., Rietschel, M., Gilles, M., Sánchez-Guijo, A., Fañanas, L., Hentze, S., Wudy, S. A., Hellweg, R. (2018). Cortisol, cortisone, and BDNF in amniotic fluid in the second trimester of pregnancy: effect of early life and current maternal stress and socioeconomic status. Development and Psychopathology, 30(3), 971-980. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000147
13. Dorst, M.T., Anders, S.H., Chennupati, S., Chen, Q., Jackson, G.P. (2019). Health ınformation technologies in the support systems of pregnant women and their caregivers: Mixed-methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2196/10865
14. Durmuş, E. (2015). Examination of anxiety, perceived stress and depressive symptoms of pregnant women (Master's Thesis, Medipol University, Istanbul).
15. Ejder Apay, S., Özdemir, F., Özorhan, E.Y., Sakar, T. (2015). Investigation of the factors affecting the number and interval of pregnancies of women in Erzurum. Ankara Journal of Health Sciences, 4(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.2196/10865
16. Elkin, N. (2015). Stress coping levels of pregnant women and factors affecting them. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 22-31.
17. Ertekin Pınar, Ş., Arslan, Ş., Polat, K., Çiftçi, D., Cesur, B., Dağlar, G. (2014). Examining the association of perceived stress with sleep quality in pregnancy. Journal of Nursing Effect, 7(3), 171-177.
18. Gao, L.L., Larsson, M., Luo, S.Y. (2013). Internet use by Chinese women seeking pregnancy related information. Midwifery, 29(7), 730-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.07.003
19. Geldi, B.N., (2020, Summer). Relationship between stress and childbirth fear among pregnant women (Master's Thesis, Ordu University, Ordu).
20. Güler, D.S., Şahin, S., Özdemir, K., Ünsal, A., Uslu Yuvacı, H. (2021). Health literacy and knowledge of antenatal care among pregnant women. Health and Social Care, 6(29), 1815-1823. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13291
21. Kaloğlu Binici, D., Köse Tuncer, S. (2020). Investigation of perceived stress and affecting factors ın multipar and primiparous pregnancıes. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 3(3), 189-202. https://izlik.org/JA77KC52XB
22. Kapan, M., Yanıkkerem, E. (2016). Partner violence, depression and loneliness in pregnant women living in rural and urban areas. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15(5), 431-439.https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1456817687
23. Kaya Şenol, D., Göl, İ., Aydın Özkan, S. (2019). The effect of health literacy levels of pregnant women on receiving prenatal care: A cross-sectional descriptive study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(3), 1717–1726. https://doi.org/10.2016/03)
24. Lee, A.M., Lam, S.K., Sze Mun Lau, S.M., Chong, C.S.Y., Chui, H.W., Fong, D.Y.T. (2007). Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 110(5), 1102–1112. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000287065.59491.70
25. Örsal, Ö., Duru, P., Örsal, Ö., Tırpan, K., Çulhacı, A. (2019). Analysis of the relationship among health awareness and health literacy, patient satisfaction levels with primary care in patients admitting to primary care health centers. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(2), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.006
26. Özer, R. (2021). Perceived stress and affecting factors in pregnant women with and without chronic disease (Master's Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara).
27. Erdoğan, T., Aydemir, Y., Aydın, A., İnci, M.B., Ekerbiçer, H.Ç., Muratdağı, G., Kurban, A. (2020). Health information seeking behaviour on internet and television and related factors. Sakarya Medical Journal, 10 (special issue), 1-10. https://izlik.org/JA88EB97XE
28. Razurel, C., Kaiser, B., Dupuis, M., Antonietti, J.P., Citherlet, C., Epiney, M., Sellenet, C. (2014). Validation of the antenatal perceived stress inventory. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(4), 471-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312473785
29. Sayakhot, P., Carolan-Olah, M. (2016). Internet use by pregnant women seeking pregnancy-related information: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0856-5
30. Şahin, E.M., Kılıçarslan, S. (2010). Depression and anxiety levels of last trimester pregnant women and factors affecting them. Journal of Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, 27(1), 51-58. https://izlik.org/JA24MA67XC
31. Toçi, E. (2013). Health literacy and socioeconomic characteristics among older people in transitional Kosovo. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 3(4), 1646–1658. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2013/3972
32. Yüksel, A., Dabanlı, Z., Yılmaz, E.B. (2020). Determination of the relationship between mindfulness and depression, anxiety and stress levels in pregnant women. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6(2), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2020.55707