Onkoloji Hastalarında Siberkondri ile E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki
Year 2026,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
,
55
-
64
,
30.03.2026
Muhammet Ali Aydin
,
Ayse Elkoca
,
Mehmet Salih Yıldırım
,
Ebru Solmaz
,
Metin Yıldız
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın birincil amacı, onkoloji bakımı alan bireyler arasında e-sağlık okuryazarlığının siberkondria ile nasıl ilişkili olduğunu araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Aralık 2021 ve Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında XXX Araştırma Hastanesi'nde tedavi gören 206 kanser hastası ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları arasında demografik bir anket, E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (eHEALS) ve Siberkondria Şiddet Ölçeği-33 (CSS-33) yer aldı. İstatistiksel analizler tanımlayıcı ölçümlerin (frekanslar, yüzdeler, ortalamalar, standart sapmalar) yanı sıra bağımsız örneklem t-testleri, tek yönlü ANOVA ve doğrusal regresyon tekniklerini içermektedir.
Bulgular: E-sağlık okuryazarlığının siberkondria üzerindeki etkisini değerlendiren regresyon modeli istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir, F(1.203) = 50.57, p < 0.001. E-sağlık okuryazarlığı siberkondria şiddetindeki varyansın %20'sini açıklamakta (R² = 0.20) ve önemli bir pozitif etki sergilemektedir (β = 0.44; t(203) = 7.126; p < 0.001). Elde edilen regresyon denklemi şu şekilde ifade edilmiştir: Siberkondria Şiddet Puanı = 61.862 + 1.37 × E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Puanı.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Çalışmanın bulguları, daha yüksek e-sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesine sahip bireylerin aynı zamanda daha fazla siberkondria şiddeti sergileme eğiliminde olduğunu gösteren istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum, doğru çevrimiçi sağlık bilgisi uygulamalarını teşvik eden müdahalelerin tasarlanmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Sağlık çalışanlarının güçlendirilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir
References
-
Altındiş, S., İnci, M. B., Aslan, F. G., & Altındiş, M. (2018). Üniversite çalışanlarında siberkondria düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 8(2), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.423652
-
Atkinson, N., Saperstein, S., & Pleis, J. (2009). Using the internet for health-related activities: findings from a national probability sample. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(1), e1035. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1035
-
Barke, A., Bleichhardt, G., Rief, W., & Doering, B. K. (2016). The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): German validation and development of a short form. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(5), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9549-8
-
Başkale, H. A., Serçekuş, P., & Günüşen, N. P. (2015). Kanser Hastalarının Bilgi kaynakları, Bilgi Gereksinimleri ve Sağlık Personelinden Beklentilerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dernegi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5505/phd.2015.49091
-
Batigun, A. D., Gor, N., Komurcu, B., & Erturk, I. S. (2018). Cyberchondria Scale (CS): Development, validity and reliability study. Dusunen Adam, 31(2), 148-162. https://doi.org/ 10.5350/DAJPN2018310203.
-
Buyl, R., Beogo, I., Fobelets, M., Deletroz, C., Van Landuyt, P., Dequanter, S., Gorus, E., Bourbonnais, A., Giguère, A., & Lechasseur, K. (2020). e-Health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01385-8
-
Chua, G. P., Tan, H. K., & Gandhi, M. (2018). Information sources and online information seeking behaviours of cancer patients in Singapore. Ecancermedicalscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2018.880
-
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 3rd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
-
Deniz, S. (2020). Bireylerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ve siberkondri düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İnsan ve İnsan, 7(24), 84-96. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.674726
-
Deniz, S., Öztaş, D., & Akbaba, M. (2018). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 8(2), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.402835
-
Ekwall, E., Ternestedt, B. M., Sorbe, B., & Graneheim, U. H. (2011). Patients' perceptions of communication with the health care team during chemotherapy for the first recurrence of ovarian cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 15(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2010.06.001
-
Ergün, S., Sürücüler, H. K., & Işık, R. (2019). Ergenlerde e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları: Balıkesir Örneği. JAREN, 5(3), 194-203. https://doi:10.5222/jaren.2019.65002
-
Fergus, T. A. (2014). The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): an examination of structure and relations with health anxiety in a community sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(6), 504-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.006
-
Fergus, T. A., Kleinsasser, A. L., & Ebarb, C. A. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relation Between the Choice to Access Health Information and Post-Choice Distress Among Individuals Prone to Health Anxiety. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.34.1.70
-
Gencer, H., Sercekus, P., & Özkan, S. (2021). Kanser Hastalarının Bilgi Kaynakları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 568-573. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.709072
-
Gencer, Z. T. (2017). Analysis of validity and reliability of Norman and Skinner's e-Health scale literacy for cultural adaptation. Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Dergisi, 1(52), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.17064/iuifd.333165
-
Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Rochat, L., Hede, V., Viswasam, K., Penzenstadler, L., Berle, D., & Starcevic, V. (2021). Compulsive health-related internet use and cyberchondria. European Addiction Research, 27(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510922
-
Kim, H., Goldsmith, J. V., Sengupta, S., Mahmood, A., Powell, M. P., Bhatt, J., Chang, C. F., & Bhuyan, S. S. (2019). Mobile health application and e-health literacy: opportunities and concerns for cancer patients and caregivers. Journal of Cancer Education, 34(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1293-5
-
Kim, S. P., Knight, S. J., Tomori, C., Colella, K. M., Schoor, R. A., Shih, L., Kuzel, T. M., Nadler, R. B., & Bennett, C. L. (2001). Health literacy and shared decision making for prostate cancer patients with low socioeconomic status. Cancer Investigation, 19(7), 684-691. https://doi.org/10.1081/CNV-100106143
-
Laato, S., Islam, A. N., Islam, M. N., & Whelan, E. (2020). What drives unverified information sharing and cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic? European Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 288-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1770632
-
Macabasco-O'Connell, A., & Fry-Bowers, E. K. (2011). Knowledge and perceptions of health literacy among nursing professionals. Journal of Health Communication, 16(sup3), 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.604389
-
McElroy, E., & Shevlin, M. (2014). The development and initial validation of the cyberchondria severity scale (CSS). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(2), 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.12.007
-
McMullan, R. D., Berle, D., Arnáez, S., & Starcevic, V. (2019). The relationships between health anxiety, online health information seeking, and cyberchondria: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.037
-
Norman, C. D., & Skinner, H. A. (2006). eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(4), e507. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8.4.e27
-
Norr, A. M., Allan, N. P., Boffa, J. W., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015). Validation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): replication and extension with bifactor modeling. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.001
-
Özdoğan, P. S. (2014). Developing an educational material based on the needs and health literacy of patients receiving radiotherapy and their relatives (Thesis No: 366175). [Master's thesis, Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. YÖK Thesis Center.
-
Özer, Ö., Özmen, S., & Özkan, O. (2021, Aug 30). Investigation of the effect of cyberchondria behavior on e-health literacy in healthcare workers. Hosp Top, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00185868.2021.1969873
-
Shi, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, J., & Chen, B. (2021). In the digital age: a systematic literature review of the e-health literacy and influencing factors among Chinese older adults. Journal of Public Health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01604-z
-
Shiferaw, K. B., Tilahun, B. C., Endehabtu, B. F., Gullslett, M. K., & Mengiste, S. A. (2020). E-health literacy and associated factors among chronic patients in a low-income country: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01202-1
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th edn Boston. Ma: Pearson.
-
Tarhan, N., Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Ekinci, Y. (2021). Yeni kuşak hastalığı siberkondri: Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(37), 4253-4297. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.855959
-
Tiritoğlu, S. (2019). The relationship between cyberchondria and nutrition and diet thoughts of individuals applying to the dietitian (Thesis No: 597368). [Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi]. YÖK Thesis Center.
-
Uzun, S. U. (2016). Pamukkale Üniversitesi çalışanlarında siberkondri düzeyi ve etkileyen etmenler [Uzmanlık Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi].
-
Uzun, S. U., & Zencir, M. (2021). Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of cyberchondria severity scale. Current Psychology, 40(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0001-x
-
Zheng, H., & Tandoc Jr, E. C. (2022). Calling Dr. Internet: analyzing news coverage of cyberchondria. Journalism Practice, 16(5), 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.
The Relationship Between Cyberchondria and E-Health Literacy Level in Oncology Patients
Year 2026,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
,
55
-
64
,
30.03.2026
Muhammet Ali Aydin
,
Ayse Elkoca
,
Mehmet Salih Yıldırım
,
Ebru Solmaz
,
Metin Yıldız
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore how e-health literacy is related to cyberchondria among individuals receiving oncology care.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 206 cancer patients who sought care at XXX Research Hospital between December 2021 and April 2022. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the E-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and the Cyberchondria Severity Scale-33 (CSS-33). Statistical analyses involved descriptive measures (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations), along with independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression techniques.
Results: The regression model assessing the impact of e-health literacy on cyberchondria yielded statistically significant results, F(1.203) = 50.57, p < 0.001. E-health literacy accounted for 20% of the variance in cyberchondria severity (R² = 0.20) and exhibited a significant positive influence (β = 0.44; t(203) = 7.126; p < 0.001). The resulting regression equation was expressed as: Cyberchondria Severity Score = 61.862 + 1.37 × E-Health Literacy Score.
Conclusion: The study's findings revealed a statistically significant relationship, indicating that individuals with higher levels of e-health literacy also tend to exhibit greater severity of cyberchondria. This highlights the importance of designing interventions that promote accurate online health information practices. It is recommended that healthcare professionals be empowered to address digital misinformation and guide patients in developing responsible internet search behaviors.
Ethical Statement
Ethics committee approval was received for this study from the ethics committee of Agri Ibrahim Cecen University (Date: 22.12.2021, Number: 366). This study is faithful to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Supporting Institution
None
Thanks
We would like to express our sincere thanks to those who contributed to the relevant literature. We have established our work, the institutions where the work is carried out and all person who chose to participate in the study voluntarily.
References
-
Altındiş, S., İnci, M. B., Aslan, F. G., & Altındiş, M. (2018). Üniversite çalışanlarında siberkondria düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 8(2), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.423652
-
Atkinson, N., Saperstein, S., & Pleis, J. (2009). Using the internet for health-related activities: findings from a national probability sample. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(1), e1035. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1035
-
Barke, A., Bleichhardt, G., Rief, W., & Doering, B. K. (2016). The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): German validation and development of a short form. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(5), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9549-8
-
Başkale, H. A., Serçekuş, P., & Günüşen, N. P. (2015). Kanser Hastalarının Bilgi kaynakları, Bilgi Gereksinimleri ve Sağlık Personelinden Beklentilerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dernegi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5505/phd.2015.49091
-
Batigun, A. D., Gor, N., Komurcu, B., & Erturk, I. S. (2018). Cyberchondria Scale (CS): Development, validity and reliability study. Dusunen Adam, 31(2), 148-162. https://doi.org/ 10.5350/DAJPN2018310203.
-
Buyl, R., Beogo, I., Fobelets, M., Deletroz, C., Van Landuyt, P., Dequanter, S., Gorus, E., Bourbonnais, A., Giguère, A., & Lechasseur, K. (2020). e-Health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01385-8
-
Chua, G. P., Tan, H. K., & Gandhi, M. (2018). Information sources and online information seeking behaviours of cancer patients in Singapore. Ecancermedicalscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2018.880
-
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 3rd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
-
Deniz, S. (2020). Bireylerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ve siberkondri düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İnsan ve İnsan, 7(24), 84-96. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.674726
-
Deniz, S., Öztaş, D., & Akbaba, M. (2018). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 8(2), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.402835
-
Ekwall, E., Ternestedt, B. M., Sorbe, B., & Graneheim, U. H. (2011). Patients' perceptions of communication with the health care team during chemotherapy for the first recurrence of ovarian cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 15(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2010.06.001
-
Ergün, S., Sürücüler, H. K., & Işık, R. (2019). Ergenlerde e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları: Balıkesir Örneği. JAREN, 5(3), 194-203. https://doi:10.5222/jaren.2019.65002
-
Fergus, T. A. (2014). The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): an examination of structure and relations with health anxiety in a community sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(6), 504-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.006
-
Fergus, T. A., Kleinsasser, A. L., & Ebarb, C. A. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relation Between the Choice to Access Health Information and Post-Choice Distress Among Individuals Prone to Health Anxiety. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.34.1.70
-
Gencer, H., Sercekus, P., & Özkan, S. (2021). Kanser Hastalarının Bilgi Kaynakları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 568-573. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.709072
-
Gencer, Z. T. (2017). Analysis of validity and reliability of Norman and Skinner's e-Health scale literacy for cultural adaptation. Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Dergisi, 1(52), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.17064/iuifd.333165
-
Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Rochat, L., Hede, V., Viswasam, K., Penzenstadler, L., Berle, D., & Starcevic, V. (2021). Compulsive health-related internet use and cyberchondria. European Addiction Research, 27(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510922
-
Kim, H., Goldsmith, J. V., Sengupta, S., Mahmood, A., Powell, M. P., Bhatt, J., Chang, C. F., & Bhuyan, S. S. (2019). Mobile health application and e-health literacy: opportunities and concerns for cancer patients and caregivers. Journal of Cancer Education, 34(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1293-5
-
Kim, S. P., Knight, S. J., Tomori, C., Colella, K. M., Schoor, R. A., Shih, L., Kuzel, T. M., Nadler, R. B., & Bennett, C. L. (2001). Health literacy and shared decision making for prostate cancer patients with low socioeconomic status. Cancer Investigation, 19(7), 684-691. https://doi.org/10.1081/CNV-100106143
-
Laato, S., Islam, A. N., Islam, M. N., & Whelan, E. (2020). What drives unverified information sharing and cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic? European Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 288-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1770632
-
Macabasco-O'Connell, A., & Fry-Bowers, E. K. (2011). Knowledge and perceptions of health literacy among nursing professionals. Journal of Health Communication, 16(sup3), 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.604389
-
McElroy, E., & Shevlin, M. (2014). The development and initial validation of the cyberchondria severity scale (CSS). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(2), 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.12.007
-
McMullan, R. D., Berle, D., Arnáez, S., & Starcevic, V. (2019). The relationships between health anxiety, online health information seeking, and cyberchondria: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.037
-
Norman, C. D., & Skinner, H. A. (2006). eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(4), e507. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8.4.e27
-
Norr, A. M., Allan, N. P., Boffa, J. W., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015). Validation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS): replication and extension with bifactor modeling. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.001
-
Özdoğan, P. S. (2014). Developing an educational material based on the needs and health literacy of patients receiving radiotherapy and their relatives (Thesis No: 366175). [Master's thesis, Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. YÖK Thesis Center.
-
Özer, Ö., Özmen, S., & Özkan, O. (2021, Aug 30). Investigation of the effect of cyberchondria behavior on e-health literacy in healthcare workers. Hosp Top, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00185868.2021.1969873
-
Shi, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, J., & Chen, B. (2021). In the digital age: a systematic literature review of the e-health literacy and influencing factors among Chinese older adults. Journal of Public Health, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01604-z
-
Shiferaw, K. B., Tilahun, B. C., Endehabtu, B. F., Gullslett, M. K., & Mengiste, S. A. (2020). E-health literacy and associated factors among chronic patients in a low-income country: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01202-1
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th edn Boston. Ma: Pearson.
-
Tarhan, N., Tutgun-Ünal, A., & Ekinci, Y. (2021). Yeni kuşak hastalığı siberkondri: Yeni medya çağında kuşakların siberkondri düzeyleri ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ilişkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(37), 4253-4297. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.855959
-
Tiritoğlu, S. (2019). The relationship between cyberchondria and nutrition and diet thoughts of individuals applying to the dietitian (Thesis No: 597368). [Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi]. YÖK Thesis Center.
-
Uzun, S. U. (2016). Pamukkale Üniversitesi çalışanlarında siberkondri düzeyi ve etkileyen etmenler [Uzmanlık Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi].
-
Uzun, S. U., & Zencir, M. (2021). Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of cyberchondria severity scale. Current Psychology, 40(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0001-x
-
Zheng, H., & Tandoc Jr, E. C. (2022). Calling Dr. Internet: analyzing news coverage of cyberchondria. Journalism Practice, 16(5), 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.