DETERMINATION OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS INFANT FEEDING

Abstract

Objective: In our study, it was aimed to determine the attitudes of midwifery students of 3rd and 4th grade students towards infant feeding. Methods: The research is a descriptive study and was conducted between April 30 /July 30, 2019.The population of the study consisted of 1008 midwifery students studying in the third and fourth grade where according to the results of the 2018 Higher Education Institutions Exam which most preferred with the university where the researchers are located and the sample consisted of 929 midwifery students voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers and the IOWA Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. The research data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 program. Results: 52.2% of the participants are midwifery 3rd, 47.8% are 4th grade midwifery students, 69.5% stated that they chose the midwifery profession voluntarily, 56.5% had sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding and 63% stated that they encountered women who were breastfeeding in public areas. It was determined that the mean score of the participants' IOWA Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was 68.16±6.42 and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.71.No statistical significance was determined between the scale mean score and other variables(p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that breastfeeding attitudes of midwifery students are moderate in our country and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale in our country is a valid and reliable assessment tool for midwives and it can be used safely in research and clinical applications.

Keywords

• Breastfeeding
• attitude
• midwifery
• student

EBELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BEBEK BESLENMESİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızda ebelik bölümü 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin bebek beslenmesine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olup, 30 Nisan / 30 Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Araştırma evrenini yedi devlet üniversitesinin üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfında öğrenim gören 1008 ebelik öğrencisi oluşturdu. Örneklem seçimine gidilmeyip araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü öğrenciler alındı. Çalışma 929 öğrenci ile tamamlandı. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formu ve Iowa Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği ile toplandı. Araştırma verileri SPSS 21.0 programı ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %52,2’si ebelik 3. sınıf, %47,8’i ise 4. sınıf ebelik öğrencileri olup %56,5’i emzirme konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olduklarını belirlendi. Katılımcıların IOWA Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalamasının orta düzeyde 68,16±6,42 ve Cronbach alfa katsayısının ise 0,71 olduğu belirlendi. Ölçek puan ortalaması ile katılımcıların öğrenim gördüğü sınıf, emzirme ile ilgili ders alma ve emzirmeyle ilgili yeterli bilgi ve beceriye sahip olma konusunda kendilerini değerlendirmeleri gibi değişkenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık belirlenmedi (p>0.05). Sonuç: Ülkemizde ebelik öğrencilerinin emzirme tutumlarının orta düzeyde ve Iowa Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği’nin ebe öğrenciler için de geçerli, güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

• Emzirme
• tutum
• ebelik
• öğrenci

References

1. Ahmed A, SR El Guindy. Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes among Egyptian Baccalaureate Students. International Nursing Review 2011;58(3):372-8.doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00885.x.
2. Al Furaikh SS, Ganapathy T. First Time Expectant Fathers’ Perspectives on Breastfeeding. Malaysian Journal of Medical Research 2018;2(2):80–87.doi: 10.31674/mjmr.2018.v02i02.012.
3. American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics 2012;129(3):e827-41.doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552.
4. AminTTet al. Breastfeeding Attitudes and Knowledge among Future Female Physicians and Teachers in Saudi Arabia. Health Science Journal 2014;8(1):102–15.
5. Barnes et al. Evaluation of a Practice-Development Initiative to Improve Breastfeeding Rates. Journal of Perinatal Education 2010;19(4):17–23.doi:10.1624/105812410X530893.
6. Becker et al. Methods of Milk Expression for Lactating Women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016;9:1465-1858. .doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006170.pub3.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding Among U.S. Children Born 2009–2016, 2020. CDC National Immunization Survey. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html. Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2020.
8. Charafeddine et al. Validation of the Arabic Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale among Lebanese Women. Journal of Human Lactation 2016;32(2):309–14.doi: 10.1177/0890334415586192.

9. Chen S et al. Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding – the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale in Chinese Mothers Living in China and Australia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013;22(2):266–69.doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.2.09.
10. De La Mora A,et al. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale: Analysis of Reliability and Validity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1999;29(11):2362–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00115.x.
11. Ekşioğlu A ve ark. Annelerin Süt Bankası Hakkındaki Görüşleri: İzmir Örneği. Türk Ped Arş2015;50(2):83–89. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2015.2406.
12. Ekşioğlu A ve ark. Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeğinin (Iowa) Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing 2017;13(3):209–15. doi: 10.5222/HEAD.2016.209.
13. EUÇEP. Mezuniyet Öncesi Ebelik Ulusal Çekirdek Eğitim Programı. Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu 2016.https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Ulusal-cekirdek-egitimi-programlari/ebelik.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2020.
14. Gangwal M et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Breastfeeding and Infant Milk Substitutes among Mothers of Upper Middle-Class Society in a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Accredited Hospital of New Delhi, India. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics2019;7(1):173–79. doi: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195749.
15. Global Breastfeeding Collective.Global Breastfeeding Scorecard-Increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes. 2019 https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/global-bf-scorecard-2019/en/. Erişim Tarihi 19.03.2020.
16. Güney R, Çınar R. Anne Sütü ve Mikrobiyota Gelişimi. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res 2017;1(Special issue):17–24.
17. Hamid SBA, Nabilah Y. Knowledge, Attitude, Prior Exposure and Intention to Breastfeed among Undergraduate University Students. Journal of Clinical and Health Science 2018;3(2):26–35.doi: 10.24191/jchs.v3i2.7083.
18. Harding JE et al. Advances in Nutrition of the Newborn Infant. The Lancet 2017;389(10079):1660–68.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30552-4.
19. Jefferson UT. Infant Feeding Attitudes and Breastfeeding Intentions of Black College Students. Western Journal of Nursing Research 2014;36(10):1338–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945913514638.
20. Karaçam Z, Sağlık M. Breastfeeding Problems and Interventions Performed on Problems: Systematic Review Based on Studies Made in Turkey. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2018;53(3):134-48.
21. McFadden A et al. Support for Healthy Breastfeeding Mothers with Healthy Term Babies (Review). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017;2(2):1-211.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001141.pub5.
22. Mclntyre H, Fraser D. Baby Friendly Initiative University Education Standards Create Positive Changes in Midwifery Students’ Reported Knowledge, Three-Year Case Study. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 2018;28(2):219–26.
23. Özilice Ö, Günay T. Emzirme ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma.. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi2018;8(1):1–7.doi:10.5222/buchd.2018.001.
24. PAHO, WHO. Beyond Survival: Integrated Delivery Care Practices for Long-Term Maternal and Infant Nutrition, Health and Development. 2. ed. Washington. 2013.
25. Rollins NC et al. Why Invest, and What It Will Take to Improve Breastfeeding Practices?.The Lancet 2016;387(10017):491–504.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2.
26. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Emzirme Danışmanlığı El Kitabı. Ankara: Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Çocuk ve Ergen Sağlığı Dairesi 2015.
27. T.C.Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hastaneler İçin Başarılı Emzirmede 11 Öneri 2017https://acipayamdh.saglik.gov.tr/TR,51751/emzirmede-11-adim.html Erişim Tarihi 19.02.2020.
28. Scott JA et al. A Comparison of Maternal Attitudes to Breastfeeding in Public and the Association with Breastfeeding Duration in Four European Countries: Results of a Cohort Study. BIRTH 2015;42(1):78–85.doi: 10.1111/birt.12138.
29. TNSA 2018-Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, TC Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı ve TUBİTAK, 2019 http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2020.
30. Topal Set al. The Determination of Infant Feeding Attitudes among Turkish Mothers Using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2017;67(10):1567–73.
31. Toscano M et al. Role of the Human Breast Milk-Associated Microbiota on the Newborns’ Immune System: A Mini Review. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017;25(8):1–5. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02100
32. UNICEF, WHO. Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2017 Tracking Progress for Breastfeeding Policies and Programmes. Global Breastfeeding Scorecard. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/global-bf-scorecard-2017/en/. Erişim Tarihi 21.02.2020.
33. UNICEF, WHO. Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services: The Revised Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative 2018. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/bfhi-implementation/en/. Erişim Tarihi 23.02.2020.
34. Vandewark AC. Breastfeeding Attitudes and Knowledge in Bachelor of Science in Nursing Candidates. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2014;23(3):135–41.doi: 10.1891/1058-1243.23.3.135.
35. Victora CG et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st Century: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Lifelong Effect. The Lancet 2016;387(10017):475–90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7.
36. WHO. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding 2003. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241562218/en/. Erişim Tarihi 19.03.2020.
37. WHO. Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services – the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative. In Geneva: World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/bfhi-implementation/en/. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2020.
38. WHO, UNICEF. The Extension of the 2025 Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition Targets to 2030,2019 https://www.who.int/nutrition/global-target-2025/discussion-paper-extension-targets-2030.pdf?ua=1. Erişim Tarihi 19.04.2020.
39. Yang SF et al. Validation of the Chinese Version of the Australian Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire.Journal of Human Lactation 2018;34(4):674–81. doi: 10.1177/0890334418761567.
40. Zakarija-Grković I,Burmaz T. Effectiveness of the UNICEF/WHO 20-Hour Course in Improving Health Professionals’ Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes to Breastfeeding: Before/after Study of 5 Maternity Facilities in Croatia. Croatian Medical Journal 2010;51(5):396–405.doi: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.396