Objective: Participation in antenatal classes prepares the mother and her partner for childbirth. Research to develop a birthing class learning design for pregnant women and partners carried out in 2022. This research aims to obtain a birthing class model for pregnant women and partners.
Methods: The design of this research is research and development. The product that was developed is birthing class model. Study conduct in Bali Province-Indonesia. The limited model testing stage was attended by 6 pregnant women and their partners. All participan and facilitator birthing class, selected as samples. Data collection used focus group discussion (FGD) and in depth interview. Data analysis using a qualitative method.
Results: The Birthing Class model consist of two training courses: Childbirth concept and Birth plan. Birthing Class held in three days and average meeting time for each meeting is 120 minutes. Results of qualitative analysis of user opinions on the model birthing class found 5 themes: learning materials, learning activities, learning media, learning time and class arrangements. Informants think there are too many meetings in childbirth classes.
Conclusion: The birthing class model needs to be improved in terms of the learning time. One evening meeting per week for three consecutive weeks is recommended for improving the birthing class model. Learning materials, learning activities, learning media, and classroom arrangement in the birthing class model are acceptable.
Andrianto, J., Helmi, N., Purwantono, P., & Indrawan, E. (2020). The Influence of Classroom Conditions On Learning Concentration of Pdtm Students At Smk Negeri 5 Padang. Jurnal Vokasi Mekanika (VoMek), 2(4), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.24036/vomek.v2i4.163
Arfaie, K., Nahidi, F., Simbar, M., & Bakhtiari, M. (2017). The role of fear of childbirth in pregnancy related anxiety in Iranian women: a qualitative research. Electronic Physician, 9(2), 3733–3740. https://doi.org/10.19082/3733
Asmara, Y., & Nindianti, D. S. (2019). Urgensi manajemen kelas untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Kajian Sejarah, 1(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.31540/sdg.v1i1.192
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (1984). Educational research: an introduction. British Journal of Educational Studies, 32(3), 274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3121583
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Qualitative research in psychology using thematic analysis in psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uqrp20%5Cnhttp://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uqrp20
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Douglas, H., & Bateson, K. (2017). A service evaluation of the solihull approach antenatal parenting group: Integrating childbirth information with support for the fetal-parent relationship. Evidence Based Midwifery, 15(1), 14–19.
Easterday, M. W., Rees Lewis, D. G., & Gerber, E. M. (2018). The logic of design research. Learning: Research and Practice, 4(2), 131–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2017.1286367
El-Kurdy, R., Hassan, S. I., Hassan, , Nahed Fikry, & El-Nemer, A. (2017). Antenatal education on childbirth self-efficacy for Egyptian primiparous women: A randomized control trial. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 06(04), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0604021523
Erkaya, R., Karabulutlu, Ö., & Çalık, K. Y. (2017). Defining childbirth fear and anxiety levels in pregnant women. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.151
Fleming, C., Sadaghiani, M. S., Stellon, M. A., & Javan, R. (2020). Effectiveness of three-dimensionally printed models in anatomy education for medical students and resident physicians: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 17(10), 1220–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.030
Ghaffari, S. F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S. N., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2021). A systematic review of clinical trials affecting anxiety, stress and fear of childbirth in expectant fathers. Nursing Open, 8(4), 1527–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.681
Gluck, O., Pinchas-Cohen, T., Hiaev, Z., Rubinstein, H., Bar, J., & Kovo, M. (2020). The impact of childbirth education classes on delivery outcome. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 148(3), 300–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13016
Gümüşsoy, S., Dönmez, S., & Alp Dal, N. (2023). Investigation of the level of attachment of fathers to the fetus and factors affecting such attachment in the prenatal period. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 6(3), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.5152/jmhs.2023.22044
Gustiani, S. (2019). Research and development method as a model design in educational research and its alternatives. Holistics Journal, 11(2), 12–22.
Hands, K. K., Clements-Hickman, A., Davies, C. C., & Brockopp, D. (2020). The effect of hospital-based childbirth classes on women’s birth preferences and fear of childbirth: A pre- and post-class survey. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 29(3), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-19-00015
Hassanzadeh, R., Abbas-Alizadeh, F., Meedya, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2020). Fear of childbirth, anxiety and depression in three groups of primiparous pregnant women not attending, irregularly attending and regularly attending childbirth preparation classes. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01048-9
Hidayati, L., & Pardjono, P. (2018). The implementation of role play in education of pre-service vocational teacher. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 296(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012016
Jeronen, E., Palmberg, I., & Yli-Panula, E. (2017). Teaching methods in biology education and sustainability education including outdoor education for promoting sustainability—a literature review. Education Sciences, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7010001
Johansson, M., Wells, M. B., & Thies-Lagergren, L. (2021). A dreaded delight: A longitudinal qualitative interview study of paternal childbirth fear during the transition to fatherhood. European Journal of Midwifery, 5(November), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.18332/EJM/142783
Kemenkes, R. (2016). Survei Indikator Kesehatan Nasional (Sirkesnas). Jakarta: kementrian kesehatan.
Kemenkes R.I. (2014). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kelas Ibu Hamil. Direktorat Jendral Bina Gizi Dan KIA, pp. 1–26. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Nomor 03 Tahun 2020 Tentang Standar Nasional Perguruan Tinggi.
Ledenfors, A., & Berterö, C. (2016). First-time fathers’ experiences of normal childbirth. Midwifery, 40, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.013
Marpanaji, E., Mahali, M. I., & Putra, R. A. S. (2018). Survey on how to select and develop learning media conducted by teacher professional education participants. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1140(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1140/1/012014
Molgora, S., Fenaroli, V., Prino, L. E., Rollè, L., Sechi, C., Trovato, A., … Saita, E. (2018). Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women and Birth, 31(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.022
Moran, E., Bradshaw, C., Tuohy, T., & Noonan, M. (2021). The paternal experience of fear of childbirth: An integrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031231
Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., Rodríguez-Jiménez, C., Gómez-García, G., & Navas-Parejo, M. R. (2020). Educational innovation in higher education: Use of role playing and educational video in future teachers’ training. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062558
Mueller, C. G., Webb, P. J., & Morgan, S. (2020). The Effects of childbirth education on maternity outcomes and maternal satisfaction. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 29(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.29.1.16
Purnamayanti, N. M. D., & Dewi, I. G. A. A. N. (2023). Learning design for couple prenatal education program; birthing class. JNKI (Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia) (Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery), 11(1), 29-38.
Rondung, E., Thomtén, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2016). Psychological perspectives on fear of childbirth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.007
Sabarudin, S. (2018). Learning Materials In The 2013 Curriculum. Jurnal An-Nur: Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Pendidikan, 04(01), 1–18. Retrieved from https://journal.an-nur.ac.id/index.php/annur/article/view/69
Sarinda, A., Sudarti, & Subiki. (2017). Analisis Perubahan Suhu Ruangan terhadap Kenyamanan Termal di Gedung 3 FKIP Universitas Jember 1. Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika, 6(3), 305–311.
Timmermans, E. (2019). The effect of prenatal interventions on self-efficacy in women during childbirth - A systematic review. Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.19080/jgwh.2019.16.555946
Trinidad, J. E. (2019). Understanding student-centred learning in higher education: students’ and teachers’ perceptions, challenges, and cognitive gaps. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(8), 1013–1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1636214
Vaismoradi, M., Jones, J., Turunen, H., & Snelgrove, S. (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n5p100
Wallace, K., & Araji, S. (2020). An overview of maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology, 4(4), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-2959/2020/4.1221
Wirabumi, R. (2020). Metode Pembelajaran Ceramah. Annual Conference on Islamic Education and Thought, I(I), 105–113.
Zerach, G., & Magal, O. (2017). Exposure to stress during childbirth, dyadic adjustment, partner’s resilience, and psychological distress among first-time fathers. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 18(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000048
Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia
Objective: Participation in antenatal classes prepares the mother and her partner for childbirth. Research to develop a birthing class learning design for pregnant women and partners carried out in 2022. This research aims to obtain a birthing class model for pregnant women and partners.
Methods: The design of this research is research and development. The product that was developed is birthing class model. Study conduct in Bali Province-Indonesia. The limited model testing stage was attended by 6 pregnant women and their partners. All participan and facilitator birthing class, selected as samples. Data collection used focus group discussion (FGD) and in depth interview. Data analysis using a qualitative method.
Results: The Birthing Class model consist of two training courses: Childbirth concept and Birth plan. Birthing Class held in three days and average meeting time for each meeting is 120 minutes. Results of qualitative analysis of user opinions on the model birthing class found 5 themes: learning materials, learning activities, learning media, learning time and class arrangements. Informants think there are too many meetings in childbirth classes.
Conclusion: The birthing class model needs to be improved in terms of the learning time. One evening meeting per week for three consecutive weeks is recommended for improving the birthing class model. Learning materials, learning activities, learning media, and classroom arrangement in the birthing class model are acceptable.
The research has received ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Commission Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar, Ethical Approval No: LB.02.03/EA/KEPK/ 0584 /2023.
References
Andrianto, J., Helmi, N., Purwantono, P., & Indrawan, E. (2020). The Influence of Classroom Conditions On Learning Concentration of Pdtm Students At Smk Negeri 5 Padang. Jurnal Vokasi Mekanika (VoMek), 2(4), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.24036/vomek.v2i4.163
Arfaie, K., Nahidi, F., Simbar, M., & Bakhtiari, M. (2017). The role of fear of childbirth in pregnancy related anxiety in Iranian women: a qualitative research. Electronic Physician, 9(2), 3733–3740. https://doi.org/10.19082/3733
Asmara, Y., & Nindianti, D. S. (2019). Urgensi manajemen kelas untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Kajian Sejarah, 1(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.31540/sdg.v1i1.192
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (1984). Educational research: an introduction. British Journal of Educational Studies, 32(3), 274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3121583
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Qualitative research in psychology using thematic analysis in psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uqrp20%5Cnhttp://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uqrp20
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Douglas, H., & Bateson, K. (2017). A service evaluation of the solihull approach antenatal parenting group: Integrating childbirth information with support for the fetal-parent relationship. Evidence Based Midwifery, 15(1), 14–19.
Easterday, M. W., Rees Lewis, D. G., & Gerber, E. M. (2018). The logic of design research. Learning: Research and Practice, 4(2), 131–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2017.1286367
El-Kurdy, R., Hassan, S. I., Hassan, , Nahed Fikry, & El-Nemer, A. (2017). Antenatal education on childbirth self-efficacy for Egyptian primiparous women: A randomized control trial. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 06(04), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0604021523
Erkaya, R., Karabulutlu, Ö., & Çalık, K. Y. (2017). Defining childbirth fear and anxiety levels in pregnant women. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.151
Fleming, C., Sadaghiani, M. S., Stellon, M. A., & Javan, R. (2020). Effectiveness of three-dimensionally printed models in anatomy education for medical students and resident physicians: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 17(10), 1220–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.030
Ghaffari, S. F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S. N., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2021). A systematic review of clinical trials affecting anxiety, stress and fear of childbirth in expectant fathers. Nursing Open, 8(4), 1527–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.681
Gluck, O., Pinchas-Cohen, T., Hiaev, Z., Rubinstein, H., Bar, J., & Kovo, M. (2020). The impact of childbirth education classes on delivery outcome. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 148(3), 300–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13016
Gümüşsoy, S., Dönmez, S., & Alp Dal, N. (2023). Investigation of the level of attachment of fathers to the fetus and factors affecting such attachment in the prenatal period. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 6(3), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.5152/jmhs.2023.22044
Gustiani, S. (2019). Research and development method as a model design in educational research and its alternatives. Holistics Journal, 11(2), 12–22.
Hands, K. K., Clements-Hickman, A., Davies, C. C., & Brockopp, D. (2020). The effect of hospital-based childbirth classes on women’s birth preferences and fear of childbirth: A pre- and post-class survey. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 29(3), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-19-00015
Hassanzadeh, R., Abbas-Alizadeh, F., Meedya, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2020). Fear of childbirth, anxiety and depression in three groups of primiparous pregnant women not attending, irregularly attending and regularly attending childbirth preparation classes. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01048-9
Hidayati, L., & Pardjono, P. (2018). The implementation of role play in education of pre-service vocational teacher. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 296(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012016
Jeronen, E., Palmberg, I., & Yli-Panula, E. (2017). Teaching methods in biology education and sustainability education including outdoor education for promoting sustainability—a literature review. Education Sciences, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7010001
Johansson, M., Wells, M. B., & Thies-Lagergren, L. (2021). A dreaded delight: A longitudinal qualitative interview study of paternal childbirth fear during the transition to fatherhood. European Journal of Midwifery, 5(November), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.18332/EJM/142783
Kemenkes, R. (2016). Survei Indikator Kesehatan Nasional (Sirkesnas). Jakarta: kementrian kesehatan.
Kemenkes R.I. (2014). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kelas Ibu Hamil. Direktorat Jendral Bina Gizi Dan KIA, pp. 1–26. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Nomor 03 Tahun 2020 Tentang Standar Nasional Perguruan Tinggi.
Ledenfors, A., & Berterö, C. (2016). First-time fathers’ experiences of normal childbirth. Midwifery, 40, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.013
Marpanaji, E., Mahali, M. I., & Putra, R. A. S. (2018). Survey on how to select and develop learning media conducted by teacher professional education participants. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1140(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1140/1/012014
Molgora, S., Fenaroli, V., Prino, L. E., Rollè, L., Sechi, C., Trovato, A., … Saita, E. (2018). Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women and Birth, 31(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.022
Moran, E., Bradshaw, C., Tuohy, T., & Noonan, M. (2021). The paternal experience of fear of childbirth: An integrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031231
Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., Rodríguez-Jiménez, C., Gómez-García, G., & Navas-Parejo, M. R. (2020). Educational innovation in higher education: Use of role playing and educational video in future teachers’ training. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062558
Mueller, C. G., Webb, P. J., & Morgan, S. (2020). The Effects of childbirth education on maternity outcomes and maternal satisfaction. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 29(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.29.1.16
Purnamayanti, N. M. D., & Dewi, I. G. A. A. N. (2023). Learning design for couple prenatal education program; birthing class. JNKI (Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia) (Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery), 11(1), 29-38.
Rondung, E., Thomtén, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2016). Psychological perspectives on fear of childbirth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.007
Sabarudin, S. (2018). Learning Materials In The 2013 Curriculum. Jurnal An-Nur: Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Pendidikan, 04(01), 1–18. Retrieved from https://journal.an-nur.ac.id/index.php/annur/article/view/69
Sarinda, A., Sudarti, & Subiki. (2017). Analisis Perubahan Suhu Ruangan terhadap Kenyamanan Termal di Gedung 3 FKIP Universitas Jember 1. Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika, 6(3), 305–311.
Timmermans, E. (2019). The effect of prenatal interventions on self-efficacy in women during childbirth - A systematic review. Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.19080/jgwh.2019.16.555946
Trinidad, J. E. (2019). Understanding student-centred learning in higher education: students’ and teachers’ perceptions, challenges, and cognitive gaps. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(8), 1013–1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1636214
Vaismoradi, M., Jones, J., Turunen, H., & Snelgrove, S. (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n5p100
Wallace, K., & Araji, S. (2020). An overview of maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology, 4(4), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.29245/2578-2959/2020/4.1221
Wirabumi, R. (2020). Metode Pembelajaran Ceramah. Annual Conference on Islamic Education and Thought, I(I), 105–113.
Zerach, G., & Magal, O. (2017). Exposure to stress during childbirth, dyadic adjustment, partner’s resilience, and psychological distress among first-time fathers. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 18(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000048
Dwi Purnamayanti, N. M., Suarniti, N. W., Erny Astiti, N. K., Novya Dewi, I. G. A. A., et al. (2025). Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1421732
AMA
Dwi Purnamayanti NM, Suarniti NW, Erny Astiti NK, Novya Dewi IGAA, Wirata IN, Mahayati NMD. Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. March 2025;8(1):1-10. doi:10.62425/esbder.1421732
Chicago
Dwi Purnamayanti, Ni Made, Nı Wayan Suarniti, Ni Komang Erny Astiti, I Gusti Agung Ayu Novya Dewi, I Nyoman Wirata, and Ni Made Dwi Mahayati. “Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 2025): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1421732.
EndNote
Dwi Purnamayanti NM, Suarniti NW, Erny Astiti NK, Novya Dewi IGAA, Wirata IN, Mahayati NMD (March 1, 2025) Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 8 1 1–10.
IEEE
N. M. Dwi Purnamayanti, N. W. Suarniti, N. K. Erny Astiti, I. G. A. A. Novya Dewi, I. N. Wirata, and N. M. D. Mahayati, “Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia”, Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2025, doi: 10.62425/esbder.1421732.
ISNAD
Dwi Purnamayanti, Ni Made et al. “Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 8/1 (March 2025), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1421732.
JAMA
Dwi Purnamayanti NM, Suarniti NW, Erny Astiti NK, Novya Dewi IGAA, Wirata IN, Mahayati NMD. Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2025;8:1–10.
MLA
Dwi Purnamayanti, Ni Made et al. “Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-10, doi:10.62425/esbder.1421732.
Vancouver
Dwi Purnamayanti NM, Suarniti NW, Erny Astiti NK, Novya Dewi IGAA, Wirata IN, Mahayati NMD. Development of a Birthing Class Model for Prenatal Couple Education Program in Indonesia. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2025;8(1):1-10.