Covid-19 Pandemisi ve Diyabetes Mellitus Etkileşimi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 64 - 69, 12.03.2022

Sevilay Süreyya Ermis

https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2022.56

Abstract

Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu-Koronavirus-2’nin (SARS-CoV-2) neden olduğu Koronavirus hastalığı 2019 (Covid-19) Aralık 2019’da Çin’de başlamış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Diabetes mellitus (DM) ise prevalansının her geçen yıl artış göstermesi nedeni ile yüzyılımızın bulaşıcı olmayan diğer bir pandemisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Covid-19 hastalığı morbidite ve mortalitesi DM başta olmak üzere komorbid hastalıkların varlığı ve ileri yaşla birlikte artmaktadır. Kontrolsüz diyabetiklerde immun sistem olumsuz etkilenmektedir. İmmun sistemin disfonksiyonunda ise SARS-CoV-2, şiddetli enfeksiyona neden olmaktadır. Viral enfeksiyonlar diyabetli hastaların glukoz düzeylerinde yükselmelere neden olabilmekte ve diyabet regülasyonu için insülin dozlarının arttırılması gerekmektedir. Covid-19’a yakalanmış diyabetik hastalarda hastaneye başvuru, hastaneye yatış, şiddetli pnömoni gelişimi ve mortalite oranları daha yüksek olarak gözlenebilmektedir. Biz de iki pandeminin birbirlerini etkileyerek hem diyabetin hem de Covid-19 hastalığının takibini zorlaştırabileceğini gösteren iki vakamızı sunmak istiyoruz.

Keywords

Covid_19, Diyabetes Mellitus, Pandemi

Interaction of Covid-19 Pandemic with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is accepted as another non-communicable pandemic of our century due to its increasing prevalence. The morbidity and mortality of Covid-19 disease increases with the presence of comorbidities, especially diabetes, and with advanced age. The immune system is adversely affected in uncontrolled diabetics. In the dysfunction of the immune system, SARS-CoV-2 causes severe infection. Viral infections, on the other hand, can cause elevations in blood sugars of diabetic patients and insulin doses need to be increased for diabetes regulation. Rates of seeking medical care, hospitalization, development of severe pneumonia and mortality are observed to be higher in Covid-19 patients with DM. We would like to present our two cases showing that the two pandemics can affect and complicate the follow-ups of each other.

Keywords

covid_19, Diabetes Mellitus, Pandemic

References

• 1. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVİD-19-11 March 2020. (Availabel: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail /who-director-generals-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19%2D%2D-11-march-2020). (cited 17 May 2021).
• 2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 ENFEKSİYONU) REHBERİ pdf,, Erişim : 12.08.2021. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf.
• 3. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843.
• 4. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(2):169‐180.
• 5. Cuschieri S, Grech S. COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how. J Diabetes Complications. 2020;107637
• 6. Fadini GP, Morieri ML, Longato E, Avogaro A. Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:867–9.
• 7. Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, Lervang HH, SchonheyderHC, Sorensen HT. Type 2 diabetes and pneumonia outcomes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care.2007;30(9):2251-2257.
• 8. Bornstein SR, Dalan R, Hopkins D, Mingrone G, Boehm BO. Endocrine and metabolic link to coronavirus infection [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 2]. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;10.1038/s41574-020-0353-9. doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0353-9.
• 9. Liu H, Chen S, Liu M, Nie H, Lu H. Comorbid Chronic Diseases are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging Dis 2020;11:668.
• 10. Yan Y, Yang Y, Wang F, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020;8(1):e001343.
• 11. Carey IM, Critchley JA, DeWilde S, Harris T, Hosking FJ, Cook DG. Risk of Infection in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Compared With the General Population: A Matched Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:513–21.
• 12. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708‐1720.
• 13. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;10.1001/jama.2020.2648. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
• 14. Katulanda P, Dissanayake HA, Ranathunga I, Ratnasamy V, Wijewickrama PSA, Yogendranathan N, et al. Prevention and management of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes: an appraisal of the literature. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1440–52.
• 15. Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; e3319.
• 16. COVID-19 Pandemi diyabet izlem ve tedavi kriterleri uzlaşıraporu. Turk Diyabet Vakfı, Mayıs 2020.
• 17. Mukhtar S, Mukhtar S. Mental health and psychological distress in people with diabetes during COVID-19. Metabolism. 2020;108:154248.
• 18. Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Khunti K, et al. Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(6):546‐550.
• 19. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
• 20. China CDC Weekly，2020, 2(8): 113-122 4.《Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)》，2020) .
• 21. Onder G, rezza G(2020). Case-Fatality rate and Characteristics of patient dying in Relation to COVİD-19 in İtaly. JAMA.
• 22. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 7 Mayıs 2021, Ankara COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 ENFEKSİYONU) ERİŞKİN HASTA TEDAVİSİ Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması.
• 23. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 7 Kasım 2020, Ankara COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 ENFEKSİYONU) ANTİSİTOKİN-ANTİİNFLAMATUAR TEDAVİLER, KOAGÜLOPATİ YÖNETİMİ Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması.