The Role of Exposure to Occupational Toxic Substances in the Ethiology of Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 312 - 315, 30.11.2022

Bilge Üzmezoğlu , Anıl Uçan

https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2022.92

Abstract

In recent years, when technology and industrialization have progressed rapidly, it has been reported that more than 700 of the more than 100 thousand chemicals used today are carcinogenic. The harm of many toxic substances to the human organism has not been determined. Although the association of hematological diseases with some environmental and occupational toxic substances such as benzene has been proven, the unknowns are much more. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are associated with some genetic mutations, but the factor causing this mutation has not been determined yet. It is stated that toxic substances such as benzene, solvents, electromagnetic radiation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be associated with the disease.

The inability to conduct studies examining the effects of toxic substances on human health for ethical reasons causes the causeeffect relationship to not be determined. As in pneumoconiosis, which is the best-known occupational disease, it is necessary to establish a direct causal link between the disease and the exposure agent in order to diagnose an occupational disease in hematological diseases. Occupational diseases are diseases that can be prevented by eliminating exposure. The relationship of hematological diseases with work and environmental exposures is usually overlooked by clinicians.

This review aims to discuss the relationship between chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, a group of hematological diseases whose frequency has been reported to increase recently in the society, with occupational toxins, and to emphasize the importance of occupational history when evaluating these patients in our clinical practice, although the occupational causality has not been proven.

Keywords

Occupational disease, cause effect relationship, chronic myeloproliferative disease, toxic substance

Supporting Institution

non

Project Number

non

Kronik Myeloproliferatif Hastalıkların Etiyolojisinde Mesleksel Toksik Maddelere Maruziyetin Rolü

Abstract

Teknolojinin ve endüstrileşmenin hızla ilerlediği son yıllarda, günümüzde kullanılan 100 binden fazla kimyasalın 700’den fazlasının kanserojen olduğu bildirilmektedir. Pek çok toksik maddenin ise insan organizmasına zararı belirlenememiştir. Hematolojik hastalıkların çevresel ve mesleksel toksik maddelerden benzen gibi bazıları ile ilişkisi kanıtlanmış olsa da, bilinmezler çok daha fazladır. Kronik myeloproliferatif neoplazilar bazı genetik mutasyonlarla ilişkilendirilmektedir, ancak bu mutasyona neden olan etmen halen saptanmış değildir. Benzen, solventler, elektromanyetik radyasyon, polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar gibi toksik maddelerin hastalık ile ilişkili olabileceği belirtilmektedir.

Toksik maddelerin etik nedenlerle insan sağlığı üzerine etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların yapılamaması, neden-sonuç ilişkisinin de net olarak belirlenememesine neden olmaktadır. En iyi bilinen meslek hastalığı olan pnömokonyozda olduğu gibi hematolojik hastalıklarda da mesleksel hastalık tanısının konulabilmesi için doğrudan hastalık ile maruziyet ajanı arasında illiyet bağının kurulabilmesi gereklidir. Meslek hastalıkları maruziyetin ortadan kaldırılması ile önlenebilir hastalıklardandır. Hematolojik hastalıkların iş ile ilişkisi ise tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de klinisyenler tarafından gözden kaçırılabilmektedir.

Bu derlemede amaç toplumda son zamanlarda sıklığında artış rapor edilen hematolojik hastalık grubunda yer alan kronik myeloproliferatif neoplaziların mesleksel toksinlerle ilişkilerini mevcut araştırmaların sonuçları ile tartışmak ve mesleksel illiyeti kanıtlanmamış olsa da klinik pratiğimizde bu hastaları değerlendirirken meslek öyküsünün önemini vurgulayabilmektir.

Keywords

Meslek hastalığı, neden-sonuç ilişkisi, kronik myeloproliferatif hastalık, toksik madde

Project Number

non

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